Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T23:23:40.521Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Studies on Onchocerca gutturosa (Neumann, 1910) and its Development in Simulium ornatum (Meigen, 1818). II. Behaviour of S. ornatum in relation to the transmission of O. gutturosa†

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2009

D. A. Eichler
D. A. Eichler
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

1. Observations have been made on the behaviour of S. ornatum in relation to its role as a vector of O. gutturosa, a common parasite of cattle in Britain.

2. Most of the S. ornatum biting cattle alight on the ventral surface of the animal and it has been shown that this behaviour is affected by the degree of illumination.

3. The umbilicus is the preferred site for a blood meal by S. ornatum and it is this region where the microfilarial density is the highest.

4. The biting behaviour of S. ornatum is affected by the arrangement of the hair in relation to the skin surface. The umbilicus is preferred because here the hairs are so arranged that the flies readily gain access to the skin. The teats are bitten usually when fly activity is very heavy and then the umbilicus is covered with feeding S. ornatum.

5. The mean number of O. gutturosa microfilariae ingested by S. ornatum, but not the quantity of blood, increases with increased time spent feeding on an infected animal.

6. There is no causal relationship between the loss of blood per anum during and after feeding and the number of microfilariae ingested by S. ornatum.

7. Few microfilariae of O. gutturosa are lost per anum by S. ornatum during feeding despite the loss of blood by this route from the majority of flies.

8. The infective larvae of O. gutturosa are deposited by S. ornatum in the skin of the umbilicus of the cow from where they migrate to the neck or gastro-splenic region. This suggests that the worms possess an inherent directional mechanism determining their final site of development and that the point of inoculation of the infective larvae may have less importance in determining the sites of final maturation of Onchocerca species than has hitherto been believed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 45 , Issue 2-3 , June 1971 , pp. 259 - 270
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1971

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Blacklock, D. B., 1926.—“The development of Onchocerca volvulus in Simulium damnosum.” Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 20, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browne, S. G., 1961.—“The localisation of onchocercomata”. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 55, 258–262.Google Scholar
Buckley, J. J. C., 1938.—“On Culicoides as a vector of Onchocerca gibsoni. (Cleland & Johnston, 1910).” J. Helminth., 16, 121–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, L., 1957.—“A study of the black-fly, Simulium ornatum Mg (Diptera) with particular reference to its activity on grazing cattle.” Bull. ent. Res., 48, 407–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duke, B. O. L., 1968.—“Symposium on onchocerciasis.” (Discussion.) Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 62, 45.Google Scholar
Eichler, D. A. and Nelson, G. S., 1971.—“Studies on Onchocerca gutturosa (Neumann, 1910) and its development in Simulium ornatum (Meigen, 1818). I. Observations on O. gutturosa in cattle in South-East England.” J. Helminth., 45, 245–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbins, E. G., 1938.—“The mouth-parts of the female in Simulium damnosum Theobald, with special reference to the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus Leukart.” Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 32, 9–20.Google Scholar
Gnedina, M. P., 1950.—“[Biology of the nematode Onchocerca gutturosa Neumann (1910), parasitic in cattle].” Dokl. Akad. Nauk. S.S.S.R., 70, 169–171. (In Russian.)Google Scholar
Kershaw, W. F., Duke, B. O. L. and Budden, F. H., 1954.—“Distribution of the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the skin. Its relation to the skin changes and to the eye lesions and blindness.” Br. med. J., 2, 724–729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagraulet, J., Monjusiau, A. and Durand, B., 1964.—“Étude des localisations des nodules dans l'onchocercose; leurs relations avec le lieu de piqûre des simulies.” Méd. Trop. Marseilles, 24, 566–572.Google Scholar
Lewis, D. J., 1953.—“Simulium damnosum and its relation to onchocerciasis in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.” Bull. ent. Res., 43, 597–644.Google Scholar
Mazzotti, L., 1951.—“Observations based on cutaneous biopsies in onchocerciasis.” Am. J. trop. Med., 31, 624–627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mikhailyuk, A. P., 1966.—“[Effect of distance between simuliid biotopes and cattle pastures on the incidence of onchocerciasis.]” Veterinariya, Kiev. No. 6, 7–10. (In Russian.)Google Scholar
Mikhailyuk, A. P.,1967.—“[Biology of Onchocerca gutturosa and O. lienalis in the forest steppe zone of the Ukrainian S.S.R.]’ Veterinariya, Kiev. No. 2, 62–67. (In Ukrainian; Russian summary p. 67.)Google Scholar
Nelson, G. S., 1958.—“Onchocerciasis in the West Nile district of Uganda.” Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 52, 272–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, G. S., 1964.—“Factors influencing the development and behaviour of filarial nematodes in their arthropodan hosts.” Reprinted from “Host-Parasite Relationships in Invertebrate Hosts.” Second Symposium of the British Society for Parasitology, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 75–119.Google Scholar
Steward, J. S., 1937.—“The occurrence of Onchocerca gutturosa Neumann in cattle in England, with an account of its life-history and development in Simulium ornatum Mg.” Parasitology, 29, 212–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supperer, R., 1952.—“Über das Vorkommen de Filaria (s.l.) Onchocerca gutturosa Neumann in Rinden in Osterreich und ihre Entwicklung in der Kriebelmücke Odagmia ornata Mg.” Wien. tierärztl. Mschr., 39, 173–179 (English, French and Italian summaries, p. 178.)Google Scholar
Woodruff, A. W., Choyce, D. P., Muci-Mendoza, F., Hill, M. and Pettitt, I. E., 1966.—“Onchocerciasis in Guatemala. A critical and parasitological study with comparisons between the disease there and in East Africa.” Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 60, 707–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar