No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Possible direct effect of diethylcarbamazine on the infective larvae of Brugia pahangi
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2009
Abstract
The direct action of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) on the infective larvae of Brugia pahangi was studied. The larvae were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with foetal bovine serum and antibiotics for 22 days. Most of the larvae remained alive for 8 days, but survival rate of larvae decreased rapidly from day 10 onwards. The larvae did not grow in the culture system. The addition of DEC did not affect the morbidity of the larvae and no difference was observed in the morphological characteristics between the larvae cultured in the presence or absence of DEC.
The infective larvae were cultured in vitro for 5 days in the presence or absence of DEC, and inoculated into jirds. The animals were necropsied at intervals, and developing larvae and adult worms were recovered. When the larvae were cultured without DEC and then inoculated subcutaneously into jirds, 29.8% of the inoculum was recovered 3–15 days, and 25% 19–22 weeks, post-inoculation. However, when the larvae were exposed to DEC in vitro and inoculated into jirds, the rate of recovery was reduced to 25% 3–15 days post-inoculation and 2% after 19–22 weeks. When the control larvae cultured in vitro were inoculated intraperitoneally into jirds, 41·3% of inoculum was recovered 3–15 days, and 42·8% 19–22 weeks, post-inoculation. Again the corresponding value for larvae exposed to DEC in vitro was reduced to 19.8% 3–15 days, and 8% 19–22 weeks, post-inoculation. It was observed that the larvae exposed to DEC in vitro were retarded in their development in jirds. These results indicate that DEC has a direct action against the infective larvae of B. pahangi.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990
References
REFERENCES
Ash, L. R. & Riley, J. M. (1970) Development of Brugia pahangi in the jird, Meriones unguiculatus, with notes on infections in other rodents. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 962–968.Google Scholar
Chen, C. N. (1982) The activity of metrifonate against infective larvae and mammalian stages of Brugia pahangi. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, 21, 113–119.Google Scholar
Denham, D. A., Suswillo, R. R., Rogers, R. & Mcgreevy, P. B. (1978) Studies with Brugia pahangi 17. The anthelmintic effects of diethylcarbamazine. Journal of Parasitology, 64, 463–468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duke, B. O. L. (1961) Studies on the chemoprophylaxis of loiasis. I. Experiments on monkeys, with special reference to diethylcarbamazine (Banocide). Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 55, 447–451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duke, B. O. L. (1963) Studies on the chemoprophylaxis of loiasis. II. Observations on diethylcarbamazine citrate (Banocide) as a prophylactic in man. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 57, 82–96.Google Scholar
Ewert, A. & Emerson, G. A. (1975) Effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate on third stage of Brugia malayi larvae in cats. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 24, 71–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fujimaki, Y., Shimada, M., Kimura, E. & Aoki, Y. (1988) DEC-inhibited development of third-stage Brugia pahangi in vitro. Parasitology Research, 74, 299–300.Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Barranco, D., Arias-Fernandez, T., Chevez-Zamora, A. & Salazar-Mallen, M. (1962) Effectors in vitro de la diethylcarbamazine sorbe Onchocerca volvulus. Salud Publica de Mexico, 4, 1079–1082.Google Scholar
Hawking, F. (1979) Diethylcarbamazine and new compounds for the treatment of filariasis. Advances in Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, 16, 129–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawking, F., Sewell, P. & Thurston, J. P. (1950) The mode of action of hetrazan on filarial worms. British Journal of Pharmacology, 5, 217–238.Google ScholarPubMed
Hewitt, R. I., Kushner, S., Stewart, H. W., White, E., Wallace, W. S. & Subba Row, Y. (1947) Experimental chemotherapy of filariasis. III. Effect of 1-diethylcarbamyl-4-methylpiperazine hydrochloride against naturally acquired filarial infection in cotton rats and dogs. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 32, 1314–1329.Google Scholar
Kimura, E., Aoki, Y., Nakajima, Y. & Niwa, M. (1984) Plasma level of diethylcarbamazine in jirds and hamsters. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 15, 74–79.Google Scholar
Kume, S., Ohishi, I. & Kobayashi, S. (1962) Prophylactic therapy against the developing stages of Dirofilaria immitis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 23, 1257–1260.Google ScholarPubMed
Langham, M. E. & Kramer, T. R. (1980) The ‘in vitro’ effect of diethylcarbamazine on the motility and survival of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 31, 59–66.Google Scholar
Mccall, J. W., Malone, J. B., Ah, H-S. & Thompson, P. F. (1973) Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with Brugia pahangi by the intraperitoneal route: a rich source of developing larvae, adult filariae, and microfilariae. Journal of Parasitology, 59, 436.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, C. D. & Kron, M. A. (1985) Diethylcarbamazine: a review of its action in onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis and inflammation. Tropical Diseases Bulletin, 82, R1–R37.Google Scholar
Matsuda, H., Kobayashi, J. & Sakai, T. (1968) In vitro maintenance and filaricides test of Litomosoides carinii, the cotton rat filaria. Japanese Journal of Parasitology, 17, 221–228.Google Scholar
Natarajan, P. N., Zaman, V. & Yeoh, T. S. (1973) In vitro activity of diethylcarbamazine on the infective larvae, microfilariae and adult worms of Breinlia sergenti. International Journal for Parasitology, 3, 803–807.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rivas-Alcala, R., Mackenzie, C. D., Gomez-Rojo, E., Greene, B. M. & Taylor, H. R. (1984) The effects of diethylcarbamazine, mebendazole and levamisole on Onchocerca volvulus in vivo and in vitro. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 35, 71–77.Google Scholar
Shigeno, S., Kimura, E., Sakamoto, M., Aoki, Y. & Nakajima, Y. (1983) Effect of diethylcarbamazine on third and fourth stage larvae of Brugia pahangi in Mongolian jird. Japanese Journal of Parasitology, 32, 465–473.Google Scholar