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Patterns of Clinostomum marginatum infection in fishes and amphibians: integration of field, genetic, and experimental approaches

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2019

D.M. Calhoun Open the ORCID record for D.M. Calhoun [Opens in a new window] ,
K. L. Leslie ,
T.B. Riepe ,
T.J. Achatz ,
T. McDevitt-Galles ,
V.V. Tkach  and
P.T.J. Johnson
D.M. Calhoun*
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
K. L. Leslie
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
T.B. Riepe
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
T.J. Achatz
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA
T. McDevitt-Galles
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
V.V. Tkach
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA
P.T.J. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
*
Author for correspondence: D.M. Calhoun E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Digenetic trematodes of the genus Clinostomum are cosmopolitan parasites infecting fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and snails as intermediate hosts. Despite the broad geographical distribution of this genus, debate about the number of species and how they vary in host use has persisted. To better understand patterns of infection among host species and across life stages, we used large-scale field surveys and molecular tools to examine five species of amphibians and seven species of fishes from 125 California ponds. Among the 12,360 examined hosts, infection was rare, with an overall prevalence of 1.7% in amphibians and 9.2% in fishes. Molecular evidence indicated that both groups were infected with Clinostomum marginatum. Using generalized linear mixed effects models, host species identity and host life stage had a strong influence on infection status, such that Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) (49.3%) and Taricha granulosa (rough skinned newt) (9.2%) supported the highest overall prevalence values, whereas adult amphibians tended to have a higher prevalence of infection relative to juveniles (13.3% and 2.5%, respectively). Experimentally, we tested the susceptibility of two amphibian hosts (Pseudacris regilla [Pacific chorus frog] and Anaxyrus boreas [western toad]) to varying levels of cercariae exposure and measured metacercariae growth over time. Pseudacris regilla was 1.3× more susceptible to infection, while infection success increased with cercariae exposure dose for both species. On average, metacarcariae size increased by 650% over 20 days. Our study highlights the importance of integrating field surveys, genetic tools, and experimental approaches to better understand the ecology of host–parasite interactions.

Keywords

AmphibiansClinostomum infectionfishgenetic analysishost–parasite interactionstrematodes
Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 94 , 2020 , e44
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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