Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T20:55:32.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Climate disruption and parasite–host dynamics: patterns and processes associated with warming and the frequency of extreme climatic events

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2024

P.J. Hudson ,
I.M. Cattadori ,
B. Boag  and
A.P. Dobson
P.J. Hudson*
Affiliation:
Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Penn State University, PA 16802, USA
I.M. Cattadori
Affiliation:
Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Penn State University, PA 16802, USA
B. Boag
Affiliation:
Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Penn State University, PA 16802, USA
A.P. Dobson
Affiliation:
Department of Ecological and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
*
* Fax: (814) 865 9131 E-mail: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Levels of parasitism and the dynamics of helminth systems is subject to the impact of environmental conditions such that we may expect long term increases in temperature will increase the force of infection and the parasite's basic reproduction number, R0. We postulate that an increase in the force of infection will only lead to an increase in mean intensity of adults when adult parasite mortality is not determined by acquired immunity. Preliminary examination of long term trends of parasites of rabbits and grouse confirm these predictions. Parasite development rate increases with temperature and while laboratory studies indicate this is linear some recent studies indicate that this may be non-linear and would have an important impact on R0. Warming would also reduce the selective pressure for the development of arrestment and this would increase R0 so that in systems like the grouse and Trichostrongylus tenuis this would increase the instability and lead to larger disease outbreaks. Extreme climatic events that act across populations appear important in synchronizing transmission and disease outbreaks, so it is speculated that climate disruption will lead to increased frequency and intensity of disease outbreaks in parasite populations not regulated by acquired immunity.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 80 , Issue 2 , June 2006 , pp. 175 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

References

Anderson, R.C. (2000) Nematode parasites of vertebrates: their development and transmission. 672 pp. Wallingford, Oxon, CABI Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattadori, I.M., Boag, B., Bjornstad, O.N., Cornell, S.J. & Hudson, P.J. (2005a) Peak shift and epidemiology in a seasonal host–nematode system. Proceedings of the Royal Society 272, 1163–1169.Google Scholar
Cattadori, I.M., Haydon, D. & Hudson, P.J. (2005b) Parasites and climate synchronize red grouse populations. Nature 433, 737–741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cotton, P.A. (2003) Avian migration phenology and global climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100, 12219–12222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crofton, H.D., Whitlock, J.H. & Glazer, R.A. (1965) Ecology and biological plasticity of sheep nematodes. II. Genetic environmental plasticity in Haemonchus contortus . Cornell Veterinarian 55, 251–258.Google ScholarPubMed
Dobson, A.P. & Carper, R.J. (1992) Global warming and potential changes in host–parasite and disease vector relationships. pp. 201–217 in Peters, R. & Lovejoy, T. (Eds) Global warming and biodiversity. New Haven, Connecticut, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dobson, A.P. & Hudson, P.J. (1992) Regulation and stability of a free-living host–parasite system, Trichostrongylus tenuis in red grouse. II: Population models. Journal of Animal Ecology 61, 487–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobson, A.P. & Hudson, P.J. (1994) Population biology of Trichostrongylus tenuis in the red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. pp. 301–320 in Scott, M.E. & Smith, G. (Eds) Parasitic and infectious diseases. New York, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Easterling, D.R., Evans, J.L., Groisman, P.Y., Karl, T.R., Kunkel, K.E. & Ambenje, P. (2000) Observed variability in extreme climatic events: a brief review. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81, 417–425.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitter, A.H. & Fitter, R.S.R. (2002) Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants. Science 296, 1689–1691.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gettinby, G. & Paton, G. (1981) The role of temperature and other factors in predicting the pattern of bovine Ostertagia spp. infective larvae on pasture. Journal of Thermal Biology 6, 395–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, M. (1981) The effect of constant and varying temperatures on the development rates of eggs and larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi . Journal of Thermal Biology 6, 389–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grenfell, B.T. & Smith, G. (1983) Population biology and control of ostertagiasis in first year grazing calves. Proceedings of the Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine 1983, 54–61.Google Scholar
Hudson, P.J. (1986) The effect of a parasitic nematode on the breeding production of red grouse. Journal of Animal Ecology 55, 85–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson, P.J. & Dobson, A.P. (1995) Macroparasites: observed patterns in naturally fluctuating animal populations. pp. 144–176 in Grenfell, B.T. & Dobson, A.P. (Eds) Infectious diseases in natural populations. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hudson, P.J., Newborn, D. & Dobson, A.P. (1992) Regulation and stability of a free-living host–parasite system, Trichostrongylus tenuis in red grouse. I: Monitoring and parasite reduction experiments . Journal of Animal Ecology 61, 477–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson, P.J., Dobson, A.P. & Newborn, D. (1998) Prevention of population cycles by parasite removal. Science 282, 2256–2258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hudson, P.J., Dobson, A.P., Cattadori, I.M., Newborn, D., Haydon, D., Shaw, D., Benton, T.G. & Grenfell, B.T. (2002) Trophic interactions and population growth rates: describing patterns and identifying mechanisms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 37, 1259–1272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, R.M. & Anderson, R.M. (1978) Regulation and stability of host–parasite population interactions. II Destabilizing processes. Journal of Animal Ecology 47, 219–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michel, J.F. (1974) Arrested development of nematodes and some related phenomena. Advances in Parasitology 12, 279–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moran, P.A.P. (1953) The statistical analysis of the Canadian lynx cycle II. Synchronization and meteorology. Australian Journal of Zoology 1, 291–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parmesan, C. & Yohe, G. (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across systems. Nature 421, 37–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Root, T.L., Price, J.T., Hall, K.R., Schneider, S.H., Rosenzweig, C. & Pounds, J.A. (2003) Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature 421, 57–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salih, N.E. & Grainger, J.N.R. (1982) The effect of constant and changing temperatures on the development of the eggs and larvae of Ostertagia circumcincta . Journal of Thermal Biology 7, 35–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, L.M., Tompkins, D.M. & Hudson, P.J. (2000) The role of oxygen availability in the embryonation of Heterakis gallinarum eggs. International Journal for Parasitology 30, 1481–1485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saunders, L.M., Tompkins, D.M. & Hudson, P.J. (2002) Stochasticity accelerates nematode egg development? Journal of Parasitology 88, 1271–1272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, G. (1990) The population biology of the free living phase of Haemonchus contortus . Parasitology 101, 309–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stott, P.A. (2000) External control of 20th century temperature by natural and anthropogenic forcings. Science 290, 2133–2138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woolhouse, M.E. (1998) Patterns in parasite epidemiology: the peak shift. Parasitology Today 14, 428–434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed