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The description of the larger frieze cannot at present be completely methodical, as the task of arrangement and reconstruction is not yet near its end, and skill or accident may discover the relative position in the whole work of many fragments and slabs that are at present isolated, and through their isolation lose much of their significance. It is certain at least that the artists have been guided in their grouping of the figures bya higher principle than that of mere decoration. The natural affinity of personages has been to some extent respected: thus there is reason to believe, as has been shown, that Heracles stands near to Zeus; and we see engaged in one common action a family of deities that belong to the nether world; we see a group of sea-divinities, and around Cybele the nymphs that are attached to the Magna Dea, while before the Sungod the goddess of the dawnis riding. Yet such connections as one might suggest will not give a certain clue in the arrangement of the slabs. Thus the fragment upon which the figure of Dionysos is preserved might be supposed to belong to the part of the frieze containing Hekate; to whom, because of his Chthonian character, his affinity in myth is close. The tradition and probably also the art of the sixth century B.C. had taken notice of this aspect of the many-natured god, for in many of the black-figured vases published by Gerhard we see Dionysos in close connection with Persephone, prominent in the representations of her return to the upper world: and an allusion is conveyed of their mysterious marriage: while according to more than one authority Hades and Dionysos had been identified by Heraclitus.
page 122 note 1 Heracliti Reliquiae: ed. Bywater, fragm. cxxvii.
page 123 note 1 Apoll, i. 6.
page 123 note 2 Scholia to Aristophanes, , Lys. 388Google Scholar, Macrobius, Sat. i. 18, Welcker, , Griechische Götterlehre, 1, 429, 430Google Scholar.
page 123 note 3 So also the legend of Dionysos-Zagreus and the Titans which is in many respects parallel, cannot, according to Lobeck, , Aglaophamos, pp. 615–616Google Scholar, be regarded as much earlier than the time of Onomacritus.
page 123 note 4 Journal of Hellenic Studies, October 1882, p. 303–5.
page 123 note 5 The likeness between these legends and the gigantomachy has been suggested by Wieseler; and in these former the god appears as Dionysos-Lycurgus, as beneficent and destructive; yet this gives no support to Müller's theory, already stated, that the expreseion of this old religious conception is found in the gigantomachy itself: since the thought, if ever entertained at all, that the giants were the malevolent nature of the gods, was certainly lost before Dionysos was brought into the action.
page 124 note 1 Paus. x. 18, 5.
page 124 note 2 Apoll. 3, 5, 3.
page 124 note 3 Conze, Vide. Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen zu Pergamon, p. 54, 1880Google Scholar.
page 124 note 4 On the cylix from Volci, published by Overbeck, Atlas zu Kunstmyth. (1 taf. v. 1 a), the figure fighting behind Dionysos is proved, by the arrangement of the hair, by the cord of the quiver, and by the torch which he holds, to be Apollo and not Hermes: cf. Strabo, 468.
page 125 note 1 Macr. Sat., 1, 19.
page 125 note 2 Cf. the curious description quoted y Macrobius, (Saturn. 1, 18)Google Scholar from the Orphic books.
page 125 note 3 Aristides, Or. iv., t. 1, p. 49, Dind.
page 126 note 1 Overbeck, 's Kunst-Mythologie, I. p. 362. No. 15.Google Scholar
page 126 note 2 Gerhard, , Auserlesene Vasenibilder, 1, 64.Google Scholar
page 126 note 3 Macrobius, , Sat, 1Google Scholar. xix, notices its military character.
page 126 note 4 Schol. Pind. N. 1, 100. It is doubtful whether this is part of a genuine early tradition.
page 127 note 1 Auserlesene Vasenbilder, i. p. 25, Note 23, e.
page 127 note 2 On a coin of Seleucia, quoted by Mionnet, of the time of Septimius Severus, Bacchus is seen in a form which reminds one of the Pergamene type.
page 129 note 1 Paus. 5, 11.
page 129 note 2 Lichtgottheiten, Taf. iii. 3.
page 130 note 1 Müller-Wieseler, , Denkmäler, ii 173, 176Google Scholar.
page 130 note 2 Lichtgottheiten, Taf. iii.
page 131 note 1 Orestes, 1004.
page 133 note 1 Vide Helbig, , Campanische Wandmalerei, p. 152–156Google Scholar.
page 133 note 2 The relief of the Sun-god in his quadriga discovered by Schliemann may be quoted as a notable instance.
page 134 note 1 Apoll. Bibi. i. 6.
page 134 note 2 Schol. Ven. II. xxiii. 295, and Fragmente der epischen Poesie, Düntzer
page 134 note 3 Etym. Mag. s. v. Αἰγαίων.
page 135 note 1 E.g. in Mantinea, Paus. 8, 9, 2, in Megalopolis, Paus. 8, 31, 4: at Troezen there was au altar of Helios Eleutherios, Paus. 2, 31, 5.
page 135 note 2 The legend of Alcyoneus and the oxen of Heracles is a solar myth, and is in some respects akin to the tale of the gigantomachy.
page 135 note 3 Conze, , Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen zu Pergamon, 1880–1881, p. 47Google Scholar.