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Modern Greek in Asia Minor (continued)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

R. M. Dawkins
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Extract

§ 39.—In contrast with the Silli dialect spoken in one place only, we have here to do with a dialect in use in many villages, in each of which it varies slightly. I leave out of account the dialect of Sinasos. As recorded by Archelaos it differs, or rather, since the purified language has made great strides in Sinasos, it differed widely from that of the Poutak Ovasi villages, chiefly however in being less corrupt, no doubt owing to long contact with Constantinople and the outer world. Mr. Archelaos assured me that the idiom now spoken at Tshalela and Potamia closely resembles this old Sinasos dialect. Of Arabison also I can say nothing; it is said to be a recent colony with a dialect like that of Misti. It would be of great interest to examine these northern villages, including Anakou and Silata, and with them the Lazic colonies north of the Halys, keeping especially in view the points of contact between Pontic and North Cappadocian, such as the tendency to distinguish between animate and inanimate objects in the declension of nouns, which is a mark of Pontic and is increasingly prominent in the Cappadocian dialects as one passes from the southern to the northern villages, the use at Sinasos of the Pontic κί as a negative by the side of δέν, the dropping of unaccented i and u and the preservation of the old possessive pronouns.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , 1910 , pp. 267 - 291
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1910

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References

40 Σινασός, pp. 147–155.

41 This is true also of the dialect of Delmeso.

42 See §§ 62, 63 below, on declension. For Pontic see Chatzidhakis, , Einleitung in die Neugr. Grammatik, p. 372Google Scholar.

43 Archelaos, (Σιν. p. 237)Google Scholar states that it is used by the side of δέν in Cappadocia generally. This I believe to be incorrect. I have found no trace of it except at Sinasos. Local scholars are often much at sea beyond the limits of their own immediate observation. κί is from the ancient οὐχί, οὐκί.

44 Pontus has the 1st pl. in -μϵς act. and dep., and Καρ. (p. 168) gives the same in the act. for Cappadocia (? Pharasa).

45 Such as Σημὁὁλ εὶς τὴν Πόλιν for Constantinople, ὄην ἄλλ (τὴν ἄλλην ἡμέραν) and a few such phrases from Aravan (N. K.). The fem. art. also is used a little at Anakou. For the less corrupted language of the ballads see § 88. Another trace of the acc. forms of the article are the words beginning with prosthetic ρ such as νευλή (αὐλή) etc.

46 Aor. of ἀραδίζου (Turk. aramaq), I seek.

47 He was actually from Velvendós, the dialect of which is the subject of a study by Boundónas, in Ἀρχϵῖα τῆς νϵωτέρας Ἑλληνικῆς γλώσσησ, ii. Athens, 1892Google Scholar.

48 Valavanis, , probably from Aravan, gives (Μικρασιατικά, p. 29)Google Scholarγḭαπτιρδίζω but ὀτουρδούζω; the difference plainly being due to this cause.

49 This sound I at first wrote as κ. I believe it to be the Turkish qaf.

50 The pass. aor. in -ρα (for -θα, -θην) probably belongs to Aravan, and the type in -χα to Ghourzono. The villages are only a quarter of an hour apart.

51 No doubt -άγι before the possessive, -άγι μ', etc., and otherwise in -άχ.

52 Morosi, , Studi sui Dialetti Greci della Terra d'Otranto, Lecce, 1870, pp. 106, 107Google Scholar.

53 I do not believe in the possibility of the t and d being relics of ancient pronunciation. θ and δ were certainly pronounced as spirants here as elsewhere. The spirantal sounds substituted for them, ch, s, r, z, ž, would alone-prove it.

54 The group σφ is preserved in Mod. Greek except in Kythera, Mani, Ikaria, and Pontos, where it is pronounced σπ.

55 For a few phrases preserving m. and f. forms see § 40.

56 Declined generally like χῶμα, gen. χωμάτ (for χωμάτου), pl. χώματα. At Fertek, where agglutination has gone very far, there is the -ιοῦ genitive; e.g. κόνισμα, gen. κόνισμαγḭοῦ, (τα Φϵρτάκαινα, p. 63)Google Scholar.

57 After a vowel I write -γḭα, etc.; after a consonant -ḭα. In both cases the sound is the English ya.

58 For this Latin loan-word see Meyer, , Neugr. Stud. iii. p. 23Google Scholar.

59 I believe that there is a tendency to drop the final ς in nouns. Of this the class of -ο masculines at Fertek is an extreme example.

60 As they occur also in Pontic their appearance in this North Cappadocian region is of interest as a possible local link. It will be noticed that at Fertek they are not found at all but they are in use at Delmeso.

61 The π in the N. A. sg. is voiced to b, because it is internal as opposed to the final π in the N. pl. ἀρώπ. The ω when unaccented is assimilated to the accented initial α.

62 Σιν. p. 150.

63 Except before proper names, where the article is not used (§ 51).

64 The only other dialect in which these forms are preserved is Pontic.

65 Used everywhere instead of θέλω. For a dialect word I prefer the spelling in -ϵβω to the literary -ϵύω.

66 This dropping of s (see for Silli § 25) is found also in the dialects of Epeiros, Thessaly, Lokris, Aitolia, Macedonia, Chios, Zakonia Calabria, and Pontos. For a full treatment on the theory of dissimilation see Pernot, , Revue des Études Grecques, xviii. p. 253Google Scholar, and also for the North Greek cases Kretschmer, , Der heutige Lesbische Dialekt, p. 81Google Scholar.

67 ζάζω I do, used like κάνω E.g. ὄί ζάγεις =τί μάνεις How are you? Derivation?

68 Similar forms with ν carried through all the persons occur in Pontos and Leivisi, where a connexion is probable, as also at Silli (§ 24). They have arisen independently, always from the ν of the 1st sg. and 3rd pl., in Terra d'Otranto and in Laconia (district of Chrysapha).

69 Similar forms are quoted from the Lazic settlements in the Ak Dagh.

70 The same explanation is given by Chatzidhakis, (Ἀθηνᾶ, xii. p. 477)Google Scholar, without, however, the comparison with Turkish.

71 From unpublished notes.

72 Der heut. Lesb. Dial. p. 328.

73 Μάζου, I put in, is the Modern Greek ἐμβάζω, ancient ἐμβάλλω.

74 From Κρινόπουλος, , Τὰ Φϵρτάκαινα, p. 38Google Scholar.

75 Δϵλτ. i. p. 489.

76 Τὰ, Φϵρτάκαινα, p. 39Google Scholar. Forms from Delmeso, (ἀσθϵνάρμαι, τυφλὸ ϵἶμαι are in Καρ. p. 170Google Scholar.

77 Not πήγαμ do νϵ, etc.

78 This specimen of the dialect was very kindly given to me by Mr. Kechayópoulos, who also supplied the material for the notes. I use the conventional system of accentuation.

79 Books containing songs are: Lagarde, Neugriech. aus Kleinasien, forty-four songs collected by Karolίdhis, ; Παχτίκος, 260Google ScholarΔημώδη Ἐλλ. Αἴσματα κ.τ.λ., ἐν Ἀθήναις, 1905, thirty-four songs with music, mostly from Malakopi, and Sinasos, ; Ἀλϵκτορίδης, Δϵλτίον, i. pp. 712–728Google Scholar; Ἀρχέλαος, , Σινασόα, pp. 156–171Google Scholar, twelve songs; Φαρασόπουλος, , Τὰ Σύλατα, pp. 103–111Google Scholar, six songs. See also bibliography in § 3.

80 260 δημώδη ῾ Ελλ. ᾄσματα, σ κζ᾿

81 Lagarde, , Neugr. Kleinasien, p. 4Google Scholar.