Excavations in Cyprus in 1894

John L. Myres

doi:10.2307/623823

Excavations in Cyprus in 1894

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 December 2013

John L. Myres

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Early in 1894 the Committee of the Cyprus Exploration Fund offered the small balance which remained from the excavations of 1891, to the British School of Archaeology in Athens, for use in Cyprus if possible. As a student of the School was then watching the excavations which were being carried on at Amathus on behalf of the British Museum, this sum was applied to defray part of the cost of several small excavations, the principal object of which was to test certain theories current in Cypriote archaeology; though some new ground was broken incidentally.

Five sites were examined in all; none of them exhaustively, but all with distinct and definite result.

I.—Agia Paraskevi (Nicosia District): Bronze Age Necropolis.

The celebrated Bronze Age Necropolis which occupies the edge of the plateau S.W. of Nicosia seemed the most suitable site for making practical acquaintance with the Bronze Age of Cyprus, and for verifying previous observations, with a view to the re-organisation of the Cyprus Museum which took place in the course of the summer.

Fourteen tombs were opened along the northern edge of the plateau, half a mile north of the Church of Agia Paraskevi, to the west of the Larnaka road, and between it and the stone quarries in the direction of the village of Agii Omologitádes. The tombs in the surface of this part of the plateau were found nearly exhausted by Dr. Ohnefalsch-Richter's excavations in 1883–4: but enough evidence was collected to illustrate the general character of the site. Tomb 12, as explained below, was an intruder of Hellenistic or Graeco-Roman date. Similar tombs have been opened on the low hills west of the road to Strobilo village.

Type: Research Article
Information: The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume 17 , November 1897 , pp. 134 - 173

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/623823 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1897

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^{page 135 note 1} The classification of the native pottery throughout this paper is that adopted in the Cyprus Museum, Catalogue (Myres and Ohnefalsch-Richter, Oxford, 1897), where the fabrics in question are described and discussed in detail; and in the Cypriote collections of the Ashmolean Museum. The publication of this Catalogue has been unexpectedly delayed; but the references to the figures in the text will identify the various fabrics sufficiently well.

^{page 136 note 1} Cyprus Museum Catalogue, p. 53.

^{page 136 note 2} Apparently coarse steatite: v. below, Lakshà-tu-Riù 4 and Larnaka Turabi 55.

^{page 136 note 3} C.M. 4501. This tomb-group is published in Ohnefalsoh-Richter, , Kypros, the Bible, and Homer, Pl. clxxi. 14Google Scholar; cf. C.M.C. pp. 57, 134. For the cylinder itself v. K.B.H. Pl. lxx. 4; Bezold, , Zeitschr. f. Keilinschr. II. (1885) 191–193Google Scholar.

^{page 137 note 1} C.M. 462 (Type I. C.M.C. pp. 27, 51). Cf. K.B.H, lxxxvi, cxlvi. 3 B, clxxiii. 20 f.

^{page 140 note 1} Tsountas, and Manatt, . The Mykenaean Age. 1897Google Scholar. Fig. 29, 30.

^{page 140 note 2} Cf. the necropolis of Idalion (K.B.H. Plate ii.) and of Tamassos.

^{page 142 note 1} Cf. early Graeco-Phoenician sp. from Amathus. 1894. 286 (Brit. Mus.); K.B.H. cxlix. 15 e; Dümmler, , Mitth. Ath. xi. 209Google Scholar, Beilage iii. 1.

^{page 142 note 2} Petrie, Ballas Naqada, Pl. xxvi. and specimens in Ashm. Mus.

^{page 142 note 3} Cf. C.M.C. Introd. pp. 16, 17.

^{page 143 note 1} Fig. 4, 25.27; Fig. 5, 18–24.

^{page 144 note 1} The spiral marks on the lower part of shaft of the eyelet-pin published by Dr.Dümmler, , Mitth. Ath. xi. 209Google Scholar, Beilage i. 15, are narrower, and look more like the remains of the thread by which the pin was secured.

^{page 144 note 2} Fig. 5, 2. 4. 4.17; Fig. 5, 1–5. 10. 13–17. 26–7.

^{page 144 note 3} Fig. 4. 16. 26.

^{page 144 note 4} Fig. 4, 21; Fig. 5. 8.

^{page 145 note 1} Fig, 4. 23. 24; Fig. 5. 6. 7.

^{page 145 note 2} The sp. figured in Murray, , Handbook of Greek Archaeology, Pl. i. 3Google Scholar.

^{page 145 note 3} Brit. Mus. 1876/2/28/2, two specimens.

^{page 145 note 4} Eg. Expl. Fund Memoirs. Onias, p. 56, Pl. xi. 1, 2, 3.

^{page 145 note 5} Onias, Pl. xix. 1–9, 15–17. Cf. Goshen, p. 21.

^{page 145 note 6} Brit. Mus. Inv. 27471–3. Goshen, p. 21.

^{page 145 note 7} Bliss, Mound of Many Cities, Pl. 3, Nos. 89, 90.

^{page 146 note 1} Inv. 4806 a, 20849.

^{page 146 note 2} No. 115 = Inv. 2101.

^{page 146 note 3} Petrie, Ballas-Naqada, Pl. xxx.

^{page 146 note 4} Ag. Paraskevi, 1894, 10 (C.M.C. 630, pp. 55, 57, cf. above, p. 136); Episkopi (Kurion) 1895, 35 (C.M.C. p. 181).

^{page 147 note 1} In Kalymnos, where a rough kind of polished red ware is still produced, smooth pebbles are used for this purpose; a similar ware is made in Khios; pebbles, also, of crystalline rock, with one side polished by such usage, were common, on the surface, at Kalopsida.

^{page 147 note 2} It is marked L on the map of Larnaka and the neighbourhood, Fig. 6.

^{page 148 note 1} These forms were characteristic of the black slip ware, which frequently oxidises and turns red with ill-regulated firing. Cf. C.M. 203–5: but the clay in this instance was dark red all through.

^{page 150 note 1} Fig. 7. 12. 13. 15: 8. 8. 9. 11–18. Cf. references in C.M.C. p. 39.

^{page 151 note 1} Cf. Brit. Mus. A. 121.

^{page 151 note 2} Fig. 7. 6.

^{page 151 note 3} Ash. Mus. (Cypr. 114), shattered in transit, and not included in the photograph.

^{page 151 note 4} Fig. 7, 1.9: 8. 10.

^{page 151 note 5} Fig. 7. 11.

^{page 151 note 6} Fig. 7. 8.

^{page 151 note 7} Fig. 7. 7.

^{page 151 note 8} Fig. 7. 10.

^{page 152 note 1} Brit. Mus. No. 47. = C.I.S. viii. 44.

^{page 153 note 1} Cf. Brit. Mus. (Semitic Room, 1022, 1026, 1039).

^{page 153 note 2} One of the sarcophagi was extracted for the Commissioner of Larnaka, and placed in his garden.

^{page 155 note 1} The local fabrics of Graeco-Phoenician pottery are often well marked, and deserve more careful observation than they have received hitherto. Typical specimens of this fabric of Kition are easily accessible at the British Museum, South Kensington (2071/1876), and Ashmolean Museums. I regret that I have not been through any German collection since my return from Cyprus.

^{page 156 note 1} Cf. C.M. 3293–97 (Poli); 3299–3305 (Amathus); Louvre T.C. Cyprus 48 (Heuzey, Pl. x. 3); Brit. Mus. (spp. from Amathus and Kurion).

^{page 156 note 2} Fig. 14a gives the form approximately.

^{page 157 note 1} Delattre, , Tombeaux Puniques 1890Google Scholar. Nécropole Punique 1896.

^{page 158 note 1} E.g. Lepsius, , Denkmäler III. 35Google Scholar. b. (Thothmes III.). I am indebted to Prof. Flinders Petrie for the references and the identification of the subject.

^{page 158 note 2} Cf. E.E.F. Goshen Pl. 9 Inscr. from Khat'aneh.

^{page 158 note 3} E.g. C.M. 4186–9 (Idalion 1894. 26 Amathus 1894. 80).

^{page 158 note 4} E.E.F. Onias, Pl. xix. 18, 19.

^{page 159 note 1} Delattre. In tombs which cannot be earlier than the seventh century.

^{page 161 note 1} Perrot-Chipiez, Histoire de ľArt, iii. figs. 507, 523.

^{page 163 note 1} Delattre, , Tombeaux Puniques 1890Google Scholar; Nécropole Punique 1896.

^{page 166 note 1} Khytroi, , K.B.H. p. 13Google Scholar, Pl. xl. xli. C.M.C. 5201 ff. Soloi, , K.B.H. p. 20Google Scholar, C.M.C. 5401 ff.

^{page 167 note 1} For details v. C.M.C. pp. 6. 153–7.

^{page 167 note 2} But was the story of the ‘bearded Aphrodite’ possibly suggested by warrior-statuettes with beards omitted or defaced?

^{page 168 note 1} J.H.S. xii. 116 ff.

^{page 168 note 2} Cf. K.B.H. xlviii. 2, lv. 7; C.M. 5981–2 (Limniti?).

^{page 168 note 3} Cf. that from Larnaka Turabí 60 (in Ashmolean Museum), and one from Kurion (Brit. Mus.

^{page 168 note 4} Fig. 15. 18. Cf. Brit. Mus. A 9, 10, 15, 18; K.B.H. lxviii. 1, 13.

^{page 169 note 1} Voni C.M. 5005–7; Dali, C.M. 5642; Tamassos, 6083. Cf. C.M.C. p. 30, n. 2, for further references.

^{page 169 note 2} C.M C. pp. 149 ff.

^{page 169 note 3} C.M.C pp. 157 ff.

^{page 170 note 1} Colonna Ceccaldi gives a map in which Cesnola's site is identified with Batsalos, but Batsalos projects northwards into the lake from the southern margin of its main basin. A misreading of the map has given rise to new errors in that given in the Corpus Incriptionum Semiticarum I. p. 35. General di Cesnola himself (Cyprus, p. 55 ff.) describes the site in terms which suit the Batsalos hill fairly well, but he places the scene of his operations on the South- West of the Salt Lake.

^{page 170 note 2} Halé Sultána Teké.

^{page 170 note 3} J.H.S. iv. p. 111.

^{page 173 note 1} Cf. copied together with by Mr.Munro, J. A. R., in the Turabí Teké itself, J.H.S. xii. 322Google Scholar.

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