Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:41:48.200Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Texts on the tables: The Tabulae Iliacae in their Hellenistic literary context

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2010

Michael Squire
Michael Squire
Affiliation:
Winckelmann-Institut für klassische Archäologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article re-evaluates the 22 so-called Tabulae Iliacae. Where most scholars (especially in the English-speaking world) have tended to dismiss these objects as ‘trivial' and ‘confused’, or as ‘rubbish’ intended for the Roman ‘nouveaux riches’, this article relates them to the literary poetics of the Hellenistic world, especially Greek ecphrastic epigram. Concentrating on the tablets' verbal inscriptions, the article draws attention to three epigraphic features in particular. First, it explores the various literary allusivenesses of the two epigrammatic invocations inscribed on tablets 1A and 2NY; second, it examines the Alexandrian diagrammatic word-games on the reverse of seven Tabulae (2NY, 3C, 4N, 5O, 7Ti, 15Ber, 20Par), relating these to the pictorial-poetic games of the Greek technopaegnia; third, it discusses the possible hermeneutic significance of associating six tablets with ‘Theodorean techne’ (1A, 2NY, 3C, 4N, 5O, 20Par), comparing a newly discovered epigram by Posidippus (67 A-B). All of these allusions point to a much more erudite purpose and clientele: the tablets toyed with Hellenistic visual-verbal relations at large.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume 130 , November 2010 , pp. 67 - 96
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acosta-Hughes, B. and Stephens, S.A. (2002) ‘Rereading Callimachus' Aetia Fragment 1’, CPh 97, 238–55Google Scholar
Amedick, R. (1999) ‘Der Schild des Achilleus in der hellenistisch-römischen ikonographischen Tradition’, JDAI 114, 157–206Google Scholar
Aubreton, R. and Buffière, F. (eds) (1980) Anthologie grecque: Anthologie de Planude Vol. 13 (Paris)Google Scholar
Bartman, E. (1992) Ancient Sculptural Copies in Miniature (Leiden)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthes, R. (1990) The Pleasure of the Text (tr. Miller, R.) (Oxford)Google Scholar
Bastianini, G. and Gallazzi, C. (2001) Posidippo di Pella: Epigrammi. P.Mil.Vog. VIII 309 (Milan)Google Scholar
Bernsdorff, H. (2002) ‘Anmerkungen zum neuen Poseidippus’, GFA 5, 11–44Google Scholar
Bienkowski, P. (1891) ‘Lo scudo di Achille’, Mitteilungen des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archaeologischen Instituts, Roemische Abtheilung 6, 183–207Google Scholar
Bing, P. and Bruss, J.S. (eds) (2007) Brill's Companion to Hellenistic Epigram Down to Philip (Leiden)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bresciani, E. (1980) ‘I testi demotici delle stele “enigmistica” di Moschione e il bilingismo culturale nell' Egitto’, Egitto e Vicino Oriente 3, 117–45Google Scholar
Brilliant, R. (1984) Visual Narratives: Story-telling in Etruscan and Roman Art (Ithaca NY and London)Google Scholar
Brüning, A. (1894) ‘Über die bildlichen Vorlagen der ilischen Tafeln’, JDAI 9, 136–65Google Scholar
Bua, M.T. (1971) ‘I giuochi alfabetici delle tavole iliache’, Atti della Accademia dei Lincei. Memorie: Classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche 8/16, 1–35Google Scholar
Bulas, K. (1950) ‘New illustrations to the Iliad’, AJA 54, 112–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buonopane, A. (1998) ‘Statuarius: un nuovo documento epigrafico’, ZPE 120, 292–94Google Scholar
Burton, J.B. (1995) Theocritus' Urban Mimes: Mobility, Gender and Patronage (Berkeley)Google Scholar
Burzachechi, M. (1962) ‘Oggetti parlanti nelle epigrafi greche’, Epigraphica 24, 3–54Google Scholar
Calabi Limentani, I. (1958) Studi sulla società romana: il lavoro artistico (Milan and Varese)Google Scholar
Carlini, A. (1982) ‘Omero, Stesicoro e la “firma” di Teodoro’, in Beschi, L., Pugliese Carratelli, G., Rizza, G. and Settis, S. (eds), APARXAI. Nuove ricerche e studi sulla Magna Grecia e la Sicilia antica in onore di Paolo Enrico Arias, Vol. II (Pisa) 631–33Google Scholar
Coleman, K. (2006) Martial: Liber Spectaculorum (edited with introduction, translation and commentary) (Oxford)Google Scholar
Courtney, E. (1990) ‘Greek and Latin acrostics’, Philologus 134, 1–13Google Scholar
Courtney, E. (ed.) (1993) The Fragmentary Latin Poets (Oxford)Google Scholar
d'Angiò, F. (2001) ‘Posidippo di Pella, P.Mil. Vogl. VIII 309, col. X, l. 38 — col. XI ll. 1–5 e Plinio il vecchio (Nat. Hist. XXXIV 83)’, Analecta Papyrologica 13, 91–102Google Scholar
Davies, M. (ed.) (1991) Poetarum Melicorum Graecorum Fragmenta (Oxford)Google Scholar
DuBois, P. (2007) ‘Reading the writing on the wall’, CPh 102/1, 45–56Google Scholar
Elkins, J. (1999) The Domain of Images (Ithaca NY)Google Scholar
Ernst, U. (1986) ‘The figured poem: towards a definition of genre’, Visible Language 20/1, 8–27Google Scholar
Ernst, U. (1991) Carmen figuratum. Geschichte des Figurengedichts von den antiken Ursprüngen bis zum Ausgang des Mittelalters (Cologne)Google Scholar
Fantuzzi, M. and Hunter, R. (2004) Tradition and Innovation in Hellenistic Poetry (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Fuà, O. (1973) ‘L'idea dell'opera d'arte “vivente” e la bucola di Mirone nell'epigramma Greco e Latino’, RCCM 15, 49–55Google Scholar
Gallavotti, C. (1989) ‘Planudea (IX)’, BollClass 10, 49–69Google Scholar
Giuliani, L. (2003) Bild und Mythos. Geschichte der Bilderzählung in der griechischen Kunst (Munich)Google Scholar
Goldhill, S.D. (1994) ‘The naïve and knowing eye: ecphrasis and the culture of viewing in the Hellenistic world’, in Goldhill, S.D. and Osborne, R.G. (eds), Art and Text in Ancient Greek Culture (Cambridge) 197–223Google Scholar
Goldhill, S.D. (1996) ‘Refracting Classical vision: changing cultures of viewing’, in Brennan, T. and Jay, M. (eds), Vision in Context: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Sight (New York) 17–28Google Scholar
Goldhill, S.D. (2001) ‘The erotic eye: visual stimulation and cultural conflict’, in Goldhill, S.D. (ed.), Being Greek Under Rome: Cultural Identity, the Second Sophistic, and the Development of Empire (Cambridge) 154–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldhill, S.D. (2007) ‘What is ekphrasis for?’, CPh 102, 1–19Google Scholar
Gow, A.S.F. and Page, D.L. (eds) (1965) The Greek Anthology. Hellenistic Epigrams (2 vols) (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Gow, A.S.F. (eds) (1968) The Garland of Philip (2 vols) (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Guarducci, M. (1965) ‘Il misterioso “quadrato magico”: l'interpretazione di Jérome Carcopino e documenti nuovi’, ArchClass 17, 219–270Google Scholar
Guarducci, M. (1974) Epigrafia greca III. Epigrafi di carattere privato (Rome)Google Scholar
Guarducci, M. (1978) ‘Dal gioco letterale alla crittografia mistica’, ANRWII. 16/2, 1736–73Google Scholar
Guichard, L.A. (2006) ‘Simias' pattern poems’, in Harder, M.A., Regtuit, R.F. and Wakker, G.C. (eds), Beyond the Canon (Leuven) 83–89Google Scholar
Gutzwiller, K. (1998) Poetic Garlands: Hellenistic Epigrams in Context (Berkeley and Los Angeles)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutzwiller, K. (2002a) ‘Art's echo: the tradition of Hellenistic ecphrastic epigram’, in Harder, M.A., Regtuit, R.F. and Wakker, G.C. (eds), Hellenistic Epigrams (Leuven) 85–112Google Scholar
Gutzwiller, K. (2002b) ‘Posidippus on statuary’, in Bastianini, G. and Casanova, A. (eds), Il papiro di Posidippo un anno dopo: atti del convegno internazionale di studi, Firenze, 13–14 giugno 2002 (Florence) 41–60Google Scholar
Gutzwiller, K. (2007) A Guide to Hellenistic Literature (Oxford)Google Scholar
Habinek, T. (2009) ‘Situating literacy in Rome’, in Johnson, W.A. and Parker, H.N. (eds), Ancient Literacies: The Culture of Reading in Greece and Rome (Oxford) 114–41Google Scholar
Hatherly, A. (1986) ‘Reading paths in Spanish and Portuguese Baroque labyrinths’, Visible Language 20, 52–64Google Scholar
Horsfall, N. (1979a) ‘Stesichorus at Bovillae?’, JHS 99, 26–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horsfall, N. (1979b) ‘Some problems in the Aineas legend’, CQ 29, 372–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horsfall, N. (1983) ‘Tabulae Iliacae in the collection Froehner, Paris’, JHS 103, 144–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horsfall, N. (1994) ‘The origins of the illustrated book’, in Katz, B. (ed.), A History of Book Illustration: Twenty-Nine Points of View (Metuchen NJ and London) 60–88Google Scholar
Horsfall, N. (2008) Virgil, Aeneid 2: A Commentary (Leiden and Boston)Google Scholar
Hunter, R. (1996) Theocritus and the Archaeology of Greek Poetry (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Jahn, O. (1873) Griechische Bilderchroniken (completed by Michaelis, A.) (Bonn)Google Scholar
Kaibel, G. (1878) Epigrammata Graeca ex lapidibus conlecta (Berlin)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kazansky, N.N. (1997) Principles of the Reconstruction of a Fragmentary Text (St Petersburg)Google Scholar
Kosmetatou, E. (2004) ‘Vision and visibility: art historical theory paints a portrait of new leadership in Posidippus' Andriantopoiika’, in Acosta-Hughes, B., Kosmetatou, E. and Baumbach, M. (eds), Labored in Papyrus Leaves: Perspectives on an Epigram Collection Attributed to Posidippus (P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309) (Cambridge MA) 187–211Google Scholar
Kuttner, A. (2005) ‘Cabinet fit for a queen: the Lithica of Posidippus' gem museum’, in Gutzwiller, K. (ed.), The New Posidippus. A Hellenistic Poetry Book (Oxford) 141–63Google Scholar
Laurens, P. (1989) L'abeille dans l'ambre. Célébration de l'épigramme de l'époque alexandrine à la fin de la Renaissance (Paris)Google Scholar
Lausberg, M. (1982) Das Einzeldistichon. Studien zum antiken Epigramm (Munich)Google Scholar
Lehnus, L. (1972) ‘Note stesichoree (Pap. Oxy. 2506 e 2619)’, Studi classici e orientali 21, 52–55Google Scholar
Levitan, W. (1985) ‘Dancing at the end of the rope: Optatian Porfyry and the field of Roman poetry’, TAPhA 115, 245–69Google Scholar
Lippold, G. (1932) ‘Tabula iliaca’, RE 4/2, 1886–96.Google Scholar
Loewy, E. (1885) Inschriften griechischer Bildhauer (Leipzig)Google Scholar
Luz, C. (2008) ‘Das Rätsel der griechischen Figurengedichte’, MH 37, 22–33Google Scholar
Manakidou, F. (1993) Beschreibung von Kunstwerken in der hellenistischen Dichtung. Ein Beitrag zur hellenistischen Poetik (Beiträge zur Altertumskunde 36) (Stuttgart)Google Scholar
Mancuso, U. (1909) ‘La “tabula iliaca” del Museo Capitolino’, Atti della Accademia dei Lincei. Memorie: Classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche 7/14, 661–731Google Scholar
Männlein-Robert, I. (2007a) ‘Epigrams on art: voice and voicelessness in Hellenistic epigram’, in Bing, P. and Bruss, J.S. (eds), Brill's Companion to Hellenistic Epigram Down to Philip (Leiden) 251–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Männlein-Robert, I. (2007b) Stimme, Schrift und Bild. Zum Verhältnis der Künste in der hellenistischen Dichtung (Heidelberg)Google Scholar
Mattusch, C. (2008) ‘Metalworking and tools’ in Oleson, J.P. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World (Oxford) 418–38Google Scholar
McLeod, W. (1985) ‘The “epic canon” of the Borgia table: Hellenistic lore or Roman fraud?’, TAPhA 115, 153–65Google Scholar
Merkelbach, R. and West, M.L. (eds) (1970) Hesiodi Theogenia, Opera et Dies, Scutum, Fragmenta Selecta (Oxford)Google Scholar
Metzler, D. (1971) Porträt und Gesellschaft (Münster)Google Scholar
Meyer, D. (2005) Inszeniertes Lesevergnügen. Das inschriftliche Epigramm und seine Rezeption bei Kallimachos (Stuttgart)Google Scholar
Meyer, D. (2007) ‘The act of reading and the act of writing in Hellenistic epigram’, in Bing, P. and Bruss, J.S. (eds), Brill's Companion to Hellenistic Epigram Down to Philip (Leiden) 187–210Google Scholar
Mielsch, H. (1989) ‘Die römische Villa als Bildungslandschaft’, Gymnasium 96, 444–56Google Scholar
Morel, W. (ed.) (1963) Fragmenta Poetarum Latinorum Epicorum et Lyricorum Praeter Ennium et Lucilium (Stuttgart)Google Scholar
Overbeck, J.A. (1868) Die antiken Schriftquellen zur Geschichte der bildenden Künste bei den Griechen (Leipzig)Google Scholar
Page, D.L. (ed.) (1981) Further Greek Epigrams: Epigrams Before AD 50 From the Greek Anthology and Other Sources, Not Included in ‘Hellenistic Epigrams' or ‘The Garland of Philip’ (revised and prepared for publication by Dawe, R.D. and Diggle, J.) (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Petrain, D. (2005) ‘Gems, metapoetics, and value: Greek and Roman responses to a third-century discourse on precious stones’, TAPhA 135/2: 329–57Google Scholar
Petrain, D. (2006) Epic Manipulations: The Tabulae Iliacae in their Roman Context (Ph.D. Diss. Harvard University)Google Scholar
Petrain, D. (2008) ‘Two inscriptions from the Tabulae Iliacae. The epic canon of the Borgia Tablet (IG 14.1292.2) and the Roman Chronicle (SEG 33.802B)’, ZPE 166, 83–84Google Scholar
Petrovic, A. (2005) ‘Kunstvolle Stimme der Steine, sprich! Zur Intermedialität der griechischen epideik-tischen Epigramme’, A&A 51: 30–42Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, R. (1968) History of Classical Scholarship from the Beginnings to the End of the Hellenistic Age (Oxford)Google Scholar
Plantzos, D. (1999) Hellenistic Engraved Gems (Oxford)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polara, J. (ed.) (1973) Publilii Optatiani Porfyrii, Carmina. I. Textus adiecto indice Verborum (Turin)Google Scholar
Pollitt, J.J. (1986) Art in the Hellenistic Age (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Pollitt, J.J. (1990) The Art of Ancient Greece: Sources and Documents (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Porter, J. (forthcoming) ‘Against leptotes: rethinking Hellenistic aesthetics’, in Erskine, A., Llewellyn-Jones, L. and Winder, S. (eds), Creating a Hellenistic World (Swansea)Google Scholar
Prioux, E. (2007) Regards alexandrins: histoire et théorie des arts dans l'épigramme hellénistique (Leuven)Google Scholar
Prioux, E. (2008) Petits musées en vers. Epigramme et discours sur les collections antiques (Paris)Google Scholar
Rayet, O. (1882) ‘Note sur un fragment inédit de table iliaque du Cabinet de M. Thierry’, Mémoires de la Societé des Antiquaires de France 43, 17–23Google Scholar
Richter, G.M.A. (1956) Catalogue of Engraved Gems: Greek, Etruscan, and Roman (Rome)Google Scholar
Richter, G.M.A. (1968) Engraved Gems of the Greeks and Etruscans: A History of Greek Art in Miniature (London)Google Scholar
Richter, G.M.A. (1971) Engraved Gems of the Romans: A Supplement to the History of Roman Art (London)Google Scholar
Ridgway, B. (1990) Hellenistic Sculpture I: The Styles of ca. 331 — 200 BC (Madison WI)Google Scholar
Rossi, L. (2001) The Epigrams Ascribed to Theocritus: A Method of Approach (Leuven and Paris)Google Scholar
Rotroff, S. (1982) Hellenistic Pottery: Athenian and Imported Moldmade Bowls (The Athenian Agora: Results of the Excavations Conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens Volume 22) (Princeton)Google Scholar
Rouveret, A. (1988) ‘Tables iliaques et l'art de la mémoire’, Bulletin de la Societé Nationale des Antiquaires de France 1988, 166–76Google Scholar
Rouveret, A. (1989) Histoire et imaginaire de la peinture ancienne (Ve siècle av. J.-C. — Ier siècle ap. J.-C.) (Paris)Google Scholar
Rühl, M. (2006) ‘Panegyrik im Quadrat: Optatian und die intermedialen Tendenzen des spätantiken Herrscherbildes’, Millennium 3, 75–102Google Scholar
Rypson, P. (1986) ‘The Labyrinth poem’, Visible Language 20/1, 65–95Google Scholar
Rypson, P. (1996) ‘Homo quadratus in Labyrintho: the cubus or labyrinth poem’, in Szönyi, G.E. (ed.), European Iconography East and West: Selected Papers of the Szeged International Conference, June 9–12 1993 (New York) 7–21Google Scholar
Sadurska, A. (1959) ‘Les problèmes de soi-disant tables iliaques’, in Irmscher, J. and Kumaniecki, K. (eds), Aus der altertumswissenschaftlichen Arbeit Volkspolens (Berlin) 119–24Google Scholar
Sadurska, A. (1964) Les tables iliaques (Warsaw)Google Scholar
Salimbene, C. (2002) ‘La Tabula Capitolina’, Bollettino dei Musei Comunali di Roma 16, 5–33Google Scholar
Scafoglio, G. (2005) ‘Virgilio e Stesicoro: una ricerca sulla Tabula Iliaca Capitolina’, RhM 148/2, 113–25Google Scholar
Schade, G. (2003) Stesichoros: Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 2359, 3876, 2619, 2803 (Leiden, Boston and Cologne)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schefold, K. (1975) Wort und Bild. Studien zur Gegenwart der Antike (Mainz)Google Scholar
Sens, A. (2005) ‘The art of poetry and the poetry of art: the unity and poetics of Posidippus' statue-poems’, in Gutzwiller, K. (ed.), The New Posidippus. A Hellenistic Poetry Book (Oxford) 206–25Google Scholar
Simon, E. (2008) ‘Die Rezeption in Rom’, in Latacz, J. (ed.), Homer. Der Mythos von Troia in Dichtung und Kunst. Eine Ausstellung des Antikenmuseums Basel, des Art Centre Basel und der Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen Mannheim (Munich) 232–44Google Scholar
Simonini, L. and Gualdoni, F. (1978) Carmi figurati greci e latini (Pollenza)Google Scholar
Sinn, U. (1979) Die homerischen Becher. Hellenistische Reliefkeramik aus Makedonien (Berlin)Google Scholar
Skinner, M.B. (2001) ‘Ladies' day at the Art Institute: Theocritus, Herodas and the gendered gaze’, in Lardinois, A. and McClure, L. (eds), Making Silence Speak: Women's Voices in Greek Literature and Society (Princeton) 201–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Small, J.P. (2003) The Parallel Worlds of Classical Art and Text (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Speyer, W. (1975) ‘Myrons Kuh in der antiken Literatur und bei Goethe’, Arcadia 10, 171–79Google Scholar
Squire, M. (2007) ‘The motto in the grotto: inscribing illustration and illustrating inscription at Sperlonga’, in Newby, Z. and Leader-Newby, R. (eds), Art and Inscriptions in the Ancient World (Cambridge) 102–27Google Scholar
Squire, M. (2009) Image and Text in Graeco-Roman Antiquity (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Squire, M. (2010a) ‘Toying with Homer in words and pictures: the Tabulae Iliacae and the aesthetics of play’, in Walter-Karydi, E. (ed.), ΜύθΟι, κείμενα, εικόνες. Ομηρικά, έπη και αρχαία ελληνική τέχνη (Athens)Google Scholar
Squire, M. (2010b) ‘Making Myron's cow moo? Ecphrastic epigram and the poetics of simulation’, AJPh 131/4Google Scholar
Squire, M. (2010c) ‘Introduction: the art of art history in Graeco-Roman antiquity’, in Platt, V. and Squire, M. (eds), The Art of Art History in Graeco-Roman Antiquity (Arethusa 43/2) 133–63Google Scholar
Squire, M. (forthcoming a) The Iliad in a Nutshell: Visualising Epic on the Tabulae Iliacae (Oxford)Google Scholar
Squire, M. (forthcoming b) ‘Reading a view: vision and power in the Greek Anthology’, in S. Blundell, D. Cairns and N. Rabinowitz (eds), Vision and Power in Ancient GreeceGoogle Scholar
Squire, M. (forthcoming c) ‘What's in a name? Inscribing and ascribing artistic agency in the Roman world’, in Borg, B. (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Roman Art (Oxford)Google Scholar
Squire, M. (forthcoming d) ‘Picturing words and wording pictures: false closure in the Pompeian Casa degli Epigrammi’, in Grewing, F. and Acosta-Hughes, B. (eds), False Closure: Encountering the End in Greek and Roman Literature and Art (Heidelberg)Google Scholar
Stewart, A. (1979) Attika: Studies in Athenian Sculpture of the Hellenistic Age (London)Google Scholar
Stewart, A. (1990) Greek Sculpture: An Exploration (2 vols) (New Haven and London)Google Scholar
Stewart, P. (2008) The Social History of Roman Art (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Strodel, S. (2002) Zur Überlieferung und zum Verständnis der hellenistischen Technopaegnien (Frankfurt)Google Scholar
Tanner, J. (2006) The Invention of Art History in Ancient Greece: Religion, Society and Artistic Rationalisation (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Tueller, M.A. (2008) Look Who's Talking: Innovations in Voice and Identity in Hellenistic Poetry (Leuven)Google Scholar
Valenzuela Montenegro, N. (2002) ‘Die Tabulae Iliacae als Kommentar in Bild und Text: Zur frühkaiserlichen Rezeption des trojanischen Sagenkreises’, in Geerlings, W. and Schulze, C. (eds), Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter: Neue Beiträge zu seiner Erforschung, Bd. II (Leiden) 67–100Google Scholar
Valenzuela Montenegro, N. (2004) Die Tabulae Iliacae. Mythos und Geschichte im Spiegel einer Gruppe frühkaiserzeitlicher Miniaturreliefs (Berlin)Google Scholar
Vogt, E. (1966) ‘Das Akrostichon in der griechischen Literatur’, A&A 13 80–95Google Scholar
Vollenweider, M.L. (1966) Die Steinschneidekunst und ihre Künstler in spätrepublikanischer und augusteischer Zeit (Baden-Baden)Google Scholar
Weitzmann, K. (1947) Illustrations in Roll and Codex (Princeton)Google Scholar
Vollenweider, M.L. (1959) Ancient Book Illumination (Cambridge MA)Google Scholar
West, M. (1969) ‘Stesichorus Redivivus’, ZPE 4, 135–49Google Scholar
Zanker, P. (1995) Die Maske des Sokrates. Das Bild des Intellektuellen in der antiken Kunst (Munich)Google Scholar
Zazoff, P. (1983) Die antiken Gemmen (MunichGoogle Scholar