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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 February 2019
This paper surveys the emergence of the category humanness in the 3rd person singular personal pronoun in Alemannic (southwest German) dialects. The first part shows that some Alemannic dialects have developed a human/nonhuman distinction in the 3rd person singular neuter personal pronoun: a marked form encoding the human direct object has emerged. The emergence of this form can be explained by the differential object marking hypothesis. The second part reports on a pilot study of the 3rd person singular personal pronoun in Sense Alemannic on the basis of new data. In this dialect, humanness is distinguished not only in the neuter but also in the masculine and feminine. Additionally, some instances are observed that violate the differential object marking principle. Thus, both principles (humanness marking and the differential object marking) form part of the grammar, but the latter one may be violated.*
This paper was presented at the Forum for Germanic Language Studies conference in Birmingham (January 7–8, 2016). I would like to thank the participants of this conference, two anonymous reviewers as well as Guido Seiler, Thilo Weber, Simon Pröll, Tabea Reiner, and Dankmar Enke for critical comments. I am grateful to Nathan Tyson for proofreading my English.