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Haskore music notation – An algebra of music –

Part of: JFP Research Articles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2008

Paul Hudak ,
Tom Makucevich ,
Syam Gadde  and
Bo Whong
Paul Hudak
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA (e-mail: [email protected])
Tom Makucevich
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA (e-mail: [email protected])
Syam Gadde
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA (e-mail: [email protected])
Bo Whong
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA (e-mail: [email protected])
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Abstract

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We have developed a simple algebraic approach to music description and composition called Haskore. In this framework, musical objects consist of primitive notions such as notes and rests, operations to transform musical objects such as transpose and tempo-scaling, and operations to combine musical objects to form more complex ones, such as concurrent and sequential composition. When these simple notions are embedded into a functional language such as Haskell, rather complex musical relationships can be expressed clearly and succinctly. Exploiting the algebraic properties of Haskore, we have further defined a notion of literal performance (devoid of articulation) through which observationally equivalent musical objects can be determined. With this basis many useful properties can be proved, such as commutative, associative, and distributive properties of various operators. An algebra of music thus surfaces.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Functional Programming , Volume 6 , Issue 3 , May 1996 , pp. 465 - 484
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

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