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Unsteady draining of reservoirs over weirs and through constrictions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 November 2019

Edward W. G. Skevington  and
Andrew J. Hogg Open the ORCID record for Andrew J. Hogg [Opens in a new window]
Edward W. G. Skevington
Affiliation:
School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Fry Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
Andrew J. Hogg*
Affiliation:
School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Fry Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The gravitationally driven flow of fluid from a reservoir following the partial collapse of its confining dam, or the partial opening of its confining lock, is modelled using the nonlinear shallow water equations, coupled to outflow conditions, in which the drainage is modelled as flow over a constricted, broad-crested weir. The resulting unsteady motion reveals systematic draining, on which strong and relatively rapid oscillations are imposed. The oscillations propagate between the outflow and the impermeable back wall of the reservoir. This dynamics is investigated utilising three methods: hodograph techniques to yield quasi-analytical solutions, asymptotic analysis at relatively late times after initiation and numerical integration of the governing equations. The hodograph transformation is used to find exact solutions at early times, revealing that from initially quiescent conditions the fluid drains and yet repeatedly generates intervals during which there are regions of constant depth and velocity adjacent to the boundaries. A novel modified multiscale asymptotic analysis designed for late times is employed to determine the limiting rate of draining and wave structure. It is shown that the excess height drains as $t^{-2}$ and, when the obstacle has finite height, the velocity field decays as $t^{-3}$, and exhibits a wave structure that tends towards a constant and relatively rapid phase speed. In the case of a pure constriction, for which all the fluid ultimately drains out of the reservoir, the motion adjusts to a self-similar state in which the velocity field decays as $t^{-1}$. Oscillations around this state have an exponentially increasing period. Numerical simulations with a novel implementation of boundary conditions are performed; they confirm the hodograph solution and provide data for the asymptotic results.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: Gravity currents Geophysical and Geological Flows: Hydraulic control Waves/Free-surface Flows: Hydraulics
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 882 , 10 January 2020 , A9
Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press 

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