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Transition to turbulence in hypersonic flow over a compression ramp due to upstream forcing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 November 2024

Shibin Cao Open the ORCID record for Shibin Cao [Opens in a new window] ,
Jiaao Hao Open the ORCID record for Jiaao Hao [Opens in a new window]  and
Peixu Guo Open the ORCID record for Peixu Guo [Opens in a new window]
Shibin Cao*
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Jiaao Hao
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Peixu Guo
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Several transition scenarios are present in a hypersonic compression-ramp flow. In our previous work (Cao et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 941, 2022, p. A8), a complete transition process induced by the global instability of a compression-ramp flow was revealed. In a globally stable flow, however, the transition to turbulence can be promoted by convective instabilities, which is the focus of this work. The same flow conditions as in our previous work (Mach number 7.7, Reynolds number $8.6\times 10^5$ based on the flat-plate length) are considered here. Owing to a smaller ramp angle, a weakly separated flow forms on the compression ramp, which supports no global instability. Resolvent analysis identifies low-frequency streamwise streaks as the optimal response of base flow to upstream forcing. Local stability analysis reveals Mack's second mode in the boundary layer downstream of reattachment. By introducing random disturbances upstream of separation in direct numerical simulations, we observe breakdown to turbulence downstream of reattachment. Two transition scenarios are revealed, and they are highly dependent on the amplitude of upstream disturbances. For a large amplitude, strong streamwise streaks develop near the reattachment region, which break down to turbulence quickly. However, when the disturbance amplitude is reduced, the second-mode instability dominates the transition to turbulence.

JFM classification

Instability: Transition to turbulence Compressible Flows: Shock waves Boundary Layers: Boundary layer separation
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 999 , 25 November 2024 , A37
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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