Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-05T01:58:41.440Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Quantitative measurements of three-dim ensional structures in the wake of a circular cylinder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

Hussein Mansy ,
Pan-Mei Yang  and
David R. Williams
Hussein Mansy
Affiliation:
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
Pan-Mei Yang
Affiliation:
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
David R. Williams
Affiliation:
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The fine scale three-dimensional structures usually associated with streamwise vortices in the near wake of a circular cylinder have been studied at Reynolds numbers ranging from 170 to 2200. Spatially continuous velocity measurements along lines parallel to the cylinder axis were obtained with a scanning laser anemometer. To detect the streamwise vortices in the amplitude modulated velocity field, it was necessary to develop a spatial decomposition technique to split the total flow into a primary flow component and a secondary flow component. The primary flow is comprised of the mean flow and Strouhal vortices, while the secondary flow is the result of the three-dimensional streamwise vortices that are the essence of transition to turbulence. The three-dimensional flow amplitude increases in the primary vortex formation region, then saturates shortly after the maximum amplitude in the primary flow is reached. In the near-wake region the wavelength decreases approximately like Re−0.5, but increases with downstream distance. A discontinuous increase in wavelength occurs below Re = 300 suggesting a fundamental change in the character of the three-dimensional flow. At downstream distances (x/D = 10-20), the spanwise wavelength decreases from 1.42D to 1.03D as the Reynolds number increases from 300 to 1200.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 270 , 10 July 1994 , pp. 277 - 296
Copyright
© 1994 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bays-Muchmore, B. & Ahmed, A. 1991 On the streamwise vortices in the immediate wakes of circular cylinders. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 36, 2620.Google Scholar
Bloor, M. S. 1964 The transition to turbulence in the wake of a circular cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 19, 290–304.Google Scholar
Browand, F. K. & Ho, C. M. 1987 Forced, unbounded shear flows. Nucl. Phys. B (suppl.) 2, 139.Google Scholar
Cimbala, J. M., Nagib, H. M. & Roshko, A. 1988 Large structure in the far wakes of two-dimensional bluff bodies. J. Fluid Mech. 190, 265–298.Google Scholar
Eisenlohr, H. & Eckelmann, H. 1989 Vortex splitting and its consequences in the vortex street wake of cylinders at low Reynolds number. Phys. Fluids A 1, 189–192.Google Scholar
Gaster, M. 1969 Vortex shedding from slender cones at low Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 38, 565–576.Google Scholar
Gaster, M. 1971 Vortex shedding from circular cylinders at low Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 46, 749–756.Google Scholar
Gerich, D. & Eckelmann, H. 1982 Influence of end plates and free ends on the shedding frequencny of circular cylinders. J. Fluid Mech. 122, 109–121.Google Scholar
Gerrard, J. H. 1966 The three-dimensional structure of the wake of a circular cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 25, 143–164.Google Scholar
Gerrard, J. H. 1978 The wakes of cylindrical bluff bodies at low Reynolds number. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 288, 351–382.Google Scholar
Gupta, A. K., Laufer, J. & Kaplan, R. E. 1971 Spatial structure in the viscous sublayer. J. Fluid Mech. 50, 493–512.Google Scholar
Hama, F. R. 1957 Three dimensional vortex pattern behind a circular cylinder. J. Aero. Sci. 24, 156–157.Google Scholar
Hammache, M. 1991 On the evolution of three-dimensionality in parallel and oblique vortex streets. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 36, 2701.Google Scholar
Hammache, M. & Gharib, M. 1989 A novel method to promote parallel vortex shedding in the wake of a circular cylinder. Phys. Fluids A 1, 1611–1614.Google Scholar
Karniadakis, G. E. & Triantafyllou, G. S. 1992 Three-dimensional dynamics and transition to turbulence in the wake of bluff objects. J. Fluid Mech. 238, 1–30.Google Scholar
Lee, M. K., Eckelman, L. D. & Hanratty, T. J. 1974 Identification of turbulent wall eddies through the phase relation of the components of the fluctuating velocity gradient. J. Fluid Mech. 66, 17–33.Google Scholar
Lewis, C. G. & Gharib, M. 1992 An exploration of the wake three dimensionalities caused by a local discontinuity in cylinder diameter. Phys. Fluids A 4, 104–117.Google Scholar
Meiburg, E. & Lasheras, J. C. 1988 Experimental and numerical investigation of the three-dimensional transition in plane wakes. J. Fluid Mech. 190, 1–37.Google Scholar
Morkovin, M. 1964 Flow around circular cylinder — a kaleidoscope of challenging fluid phenomena. Symposium on Fully Separated Flows, pp. 102–118. ASME.
Nishioka, M. & Sato, H. 1978 Mechanism of determination of the shedding frequency of vortices behind a cylinder at low Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 89, 61–78.Google Scholar
Noack, B., Koenig, M. & Eckelmann, H. 1993 Three-dimensional stability analysis of the periodic flow around a circular cylinder. Phys. Fluids A 5, 1279–1281.Google Scholar
Papangelou, A. 1992 Vortex shedding from slender cones at low Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 242, 299–321.Google Scholar
Piccirillo, P. S. & Van Atta, C. W. 1993 An experimental study of vortex shedding behind linearly tapered cylinders at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 246, 163–195.Google Scholar
Roshko, A. 1954 On the development of turbulent wakes from vortex streets. NACA Rep. 1191, 1–23.Google Scholar
Wei, T. & Smith, C. R. 1986 Secondary vortices in the wake of circular cylinders. J. Fluid Mech. 169, 513–533.Google Scholar
Williams, D. R. & Economou, M. 1987 Scanning laser anemometer of forced cylinder wake. Phys. Fluids 30, 2283–2285.Google Scholar
Williamson, C. H. K. 1987 Three-dimensional transition in the near wake of a cylinder. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 32, 2098.Google Scholar
Williamson, C. H. K. 1988 The existence of two stages in the interaction to three-dimensionality of a cylinder wake. Phys. Fluids 31, 3165–3168.Google Scholar
Williamson, C. H. K. 1989 Oblique and parallel modes of vortex shedding in the wake of a circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 206, 579.Google Scholar
Williamson, C. H. K. 1992 The natural and forced formation of spot-like vortex dislocations in the transition of a wake. J. Fluid Mech. 243, 393–441.Google Scholar
Williamson, C. H. K. & Prasad, A. 1993 Wave interactions in the far wake of a body. Phys. Fluids A 5, 1854–1856.Google Scholar
Yang, P., Mansy, H. & Williams, D. R. 1993 Oblique and parallel wave interaction in the near wake of a circular cylinder. Phys. Fluids A 5, 1657–1660.Google Scholar