On the stability of plane shock waves

Abstract

The decay of small perturbations on a plane shock wave propagating along a two-dimensional channel into a fluid at rest is investigated mathematically. The perturbations arise from small departures of the walls from uniform parallel shape or, physically, by placing small obstacles on the otherwise plane parallel walls. An expression for the pressure on a shock wave entering a uniformly, but slowly, diverging channel already exists (given by Chester 1953) as a deduction from the Lighthill (1949) linearized small disturbance theory of flow behind nearly plane shock waves. Using this result, an expression for the pressure distribution produced by the obstacles upon the shock wave is built up as an integral of Fourier type. From this, the shock shape, ξ, is deduced and the decay of the perturbations obtained from an expansion (valid after the disturbances have been reflected many times between the walls) for ξ in descending power of the distance, ζ, travelled by the shock wave. It is shown that the stability properties of the shock wave are qualitatively similar to those discussed in a previous paper (Freeman 1955); the perturbations dying out in an oscillatory manner like ζ^−3/2. As before, a Mach number of maximum stability (1·15) exists, the disturbances to the shock wave decaying most rapidly at this Mach number. A modified, but more complicated, expansion for the perturbations, for use when the shock wave Mach number is large, is given in §4.

In particular, the results are derived for the case of symmetrical ‘roof top’ obstacles. These predictions are compared with data obtained from experiments with similar obstacles on the walls of a shock tube.