Numerical study of pulsatile flow in a constricted channel

Abstract

Pulsatile flow in a planar channel with a one-sided semicircular constriction has been simulated using direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation. This configuration is intended as a simple model for studying blood flow in a constricted artery. Simulations have been carried out over a range of Reynolds numbers (based on channel height and peak bulk velocity) from 750 to 2000 and a fixed non-dimensional pulsation frequency of 0.024. The results indicate that despite the simplicity of the chosen geometry, the simulated flow exhibits a number of features that have been observed in previous experiments carried out in more realistic configurations. It is found that over the entire Reynolds number range studied here, the flow downstream of the constriction is dominated by the complex dynamics associated with two shear-layers, one of which separates from the lip of the constriction and other from the opposite wall. Computed statistics indicate that for Reynolds numbers higher than about 1000, the flow transitions to turbulence downstream of the region where the separated shear layers first reattach to the channel walls. Large fluctuations in wall pressure and shear stress have also been associated with this reattachment phenomenon. Frequency spectra corresponding to velocity and pressure fluctuations have been analysed in detail and these indicate the presence of a characteristic shear-layer frequency which increases monotonically with Reynolds number. For Reynolds numbers greater than 1000, this frequency is found to be associated with the periodic formation of vortex structures in the shear-layers and the impact of this characteristic shear-layer frequency on the dynamics of the flow is described in detail.