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Impingement of high-speed cylindrical droplets embedded with an air/vapour cavity on a rigid wall: numerical analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2019

Wangxia Wu Open the ORCID record for Wangxia Wu [Opens in a new window] ,
Bing Wang Open the ORCID record for Bing Wang [Opens in a new window]  and
Gaoming Xiang Open the ORCID record for Gaoming Xiang [Opens in a new window]
Wangxia Wu
Affiliation:
School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
Bing Wang*
Affiliation:
School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
Gaoming Xiang
Affiliation:
School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The high-speed impingement of hollow droplets embedded with a cavity has fundamental applications in various scenarios, such as in spray coating and biomedical engineering. The impingement dynamics is modulated by the wrapping medium, different from that of denser solid droplets. With air and vapour cavities, the impingement of two kinds of hollow cylindrical droplets is simulated in the present study to investigate the morphology and physical mechanisms regarding droplet and cavity dynamics. The compressible two-phase Eulerian model is used to couple with the phase transition procedure. The results detail the evolution of droplets and collapsing dynamics of the two kinds of cavities. Processes are captured in which the impinging water-hammer shock wave interacts with the cavity, and vertical liquid jets are induced to impact the embedded cavity. For the case of the air cavity, a transmitted shock wave is formed and propagates inside the cavity. The air cavities are compressively deformed and broken into a series of small cavities. Subsequently, a range of intermittent collapsing compression wavelets are generated due to the interface collapse driven by local jets. As for the vapour cavity in the saturated state, initially, once it is impacted by the impinging shock wave, it gradually shrinks accompanied by local condensation but without generation of transmitted waves. Following the first interaction between the lower and upper surfaces of the cavity, the vapour cavity undergoes continuous condensation and collapse with repeated interface fusion. The vapour cavity finally turns into liquid water blended into the surroundings, and the strong collapsing shock waves are expanded inside the droplet. The radius ratios and initial impinging speeds are chosen to analyse the variation of the collapsing time, maximum collapsing pressure and mean pressure on the rigid wall. The pressure withstood by the wall due to the collapsing cavity increases with the initial size of the cavity and initial impinging speed. The maximum local pressures in the entire fluids and the mean pressure on the wall during the collapsing of the vapour cavities are higher than those for the air cavities.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Cavitation Drops and Bubbles: Drops Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Gas/liquid flow
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 864 , 10 April 2019 , pp. 1058 - 1087
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Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press 

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