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Formation and break-up of rigid agglomerates in turbulent channel and pipe flows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2018

K. C. J. Schutte Open the ORCID record for K. C. J. Schutte [Opens in a new window] ,
L. M. Portela ,
A. Twerda  and
R. A. W. M. Henkes
K. C. J. Schutte
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands
L. M. Portela
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands
A. Twerda
Affiliation:
Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands TNO, Post Office Box 6012, 2600 JA Delft, The Netherlands
R. A. W. M. Henkes*
Affiliation:
Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box 5, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

We have developed and applied an Eulerian–Lagrangian model for the transport, formation, break-up, deposition and re-entrainment of particle agglomerates. In this paper, we focus on agglomeration and break-up. Simulations were carried out to investigate what changes in the turbulent flow are inflicted by the presence of the agglomerates. Also, the dependence of the properties of the agglomerates on the Reynolds number of the flow and on the strength of the bonds between the primary particles is studied. The presence of the agglomerates attenuates the turbulence and thereby lowers the Reynolds stresses. As a result, the flow rate increases at constant pressure drop when agglomerates are formed (up to a certain dimension). If the agglomerates surpass this dimension, long-distance viscosity effects become dominant and a flow rate decrease occurs. The characteristics of the agglomerates are largely insensitive to the Reynolds number, provided the flow is turbulent. The agglomerates have an open and porous structure, and a fractal dimension of 1.8–2.3. Their mean mass scales exponentially with the strength of the internal bonds. Contrary to assumptions that are typically made in engineering models in the literature, agglomerates do not preferentially break into two fragments of similar size.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 857 , 25 December 2018 , pp. 539 - 561
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Copyright
© 2018 Cambridge University Press 

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