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Fluid dynamics of frozen precipitation at the air–water interface

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 December 2021

Mehdi Vahab ,
David Murphy Open the ORCID record for David Murphy [Opens in a new window]  and
Kourosh Shoele Open the ORCID record for Kourosh Shoele [Opens in a new window]
Mehdi Vahab
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Joint College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32310, USA
David Murphy
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL33620, USA
Kourosh Shoele*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Joint College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32310, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Precipitation in the forms of snow, hail, and rain plays a critical role in the exchange of mass, momentum and heat at the surfaces of lakes and seas. However, the microphysics of these interactions are not well understood. Motivated by recent observations, we study the physics of the impact of a single frozen canonical particle, such as snow and hail, onto the surface of a liquid bath using a numerical model. The descent, melting, bubble formation and thermal transport characteristics of this system are examined. Three distinct response regimes, namely particle impact, ice melting and vortex ring descent, have been identified and characterized. The melting rate and air content of the snow particle are found to be leading factors affecting the formation of a coherent vortex ring, the vertical descent of melted liquid and the vortex-induced transportation of the released gas bubble to lower depths. It is found that the water temperature can substantially alter the rate of phase change and subsequent flow and thermal transport, while the particle temperature has minimal effect on the process. Finally, the effects of the Reynolds, Weber and Stefan numbers are examined and it is shown that the Reynolds number modifies the strength of the vortex ring and induces the most significant effect on the flow dynamics of the snow particle. Also, the change of Weber number primarily alters the initial phases of snow–bath interaction while modifying the Stefan number of the snow particle essentially determines the system response in its later stages.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: Air/sea interactions Phase change: Solidification/melting
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 933 , 25 February 2022 , A36
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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