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Evolution of a vortex in a strongly stratified shear flow. Part 2. Numerical simulations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2020

Paul Billant Open the ORCID record for Paul Billant [Opens in a new window]  and
Julien Bonnici
Paul Billant*
Affiliation:
LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, 91128Palaiseau CEDEX, France
Julien Bonnici
Affiliation:
LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, 91128Palaiseau CEDEX, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

We conduct direct numerical simulations of an initially vertical Lamb–Oseen vortex in an ambient shear flow varying sinusoidally along the vertical in a stratified fluid. The Froude number $F_{h}$ and the Reynolds number $Re$, based on the circulation $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ and radius $a_{0}$ of the vortex, have been varied in the ranges: $0.1\leqslant F_{h}\leqslant 0.5$ and $3000\leqslant Re\leqslant 10\,000$. The shear flow amplitude $\hat{U} _{S}$ and vertical wavenumber $\hat{k}_{z}$ lie in the ranges: $0.02\leqslant 2\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}a_{0}\hat{U} _{S}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\leqslant 0.4$ and $0.1\leqslant \hat{k}_{z}a_{0}\leqslant 2\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}$. The results are analysed in the light of the asymptotic analyses performed in Part $1$. The vortex is mostly advected in the direction of the shear flow but also in the perpendicular direction owing to the self-induction. The decay of potential vorticity is strongly enhanced in the regions of high shear. The long-wavelength analysis for $\hat{k}_{z}a_{0}F_{h}\ll 1$ predicts very well the deformations of the vortex axis. The evolutions of the vertical shear of the horizontal velocity and of the vertical gradient of the buoyancy at the location of maximum shear are also in good agreement with the asymptotic predictions when $\hat{k}_{z}a_{0}F_{h}$ is sufficiently small. As predicted by the asymptotic analysis, the minimum Richardson number never goes below the critical value $1/4$ when $\hat{k}_{z}a_{0}F_{h}\ll 1$. The numerical simulations show that the shear instability is triggered only when $\hat{k}_{z}a_{0}F_{h}\gtrsim 1.6$ for sufficiently high buoyancy Reynolds number $ReF_{h}^{2}$. There is also a weak dependence of this threshold on the shear flow amplitude. In agreement with the numerical simulations, the long-wavelength analysis predicts that the minimum Richardson number goes below $1/4$ when $\hat{k}_{z}a_{0}F_{h}\gtrsim 1.7$ although this is beyond its expected range of validity.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: Stratified flows Instability: Transition to turbulence Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 893 , 25 June 2020 , A18
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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