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Events before droplet splashing on a solid surface

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 March 2010

MADHAV MANI ,
SHREYAS MANDRE  and
MICHAEL P. BRENNER
MADHAV MANI
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
SHREYAS MANDRE
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
MICHAEL P. BRENNER*
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

A high-velocity (≈1 ms−1) impact between a liquid droplet (≈1 mm) and a solid surface produces a splash. Classical observations traced the origin of this splash to a thin sheet of fluid ejected near the impact point, though the fluid mechanical mechanism leading to the sheet is not known. Mechanisms of sheet formation have heretofore relied on initial contact of the droplet and the surface. In this paper, we theoretically and numerically study the events within the time scale of about 1 μs over which the coupled dynamics between the gas and the droplet becomes important. The droplet initially tries to contact the substrate by either draining gas out of a thin layer or compressing it, with the local behaviour described by a self-similar solution of the governing equations. This similarity solution is not asymptotically consistent: forces that were initially negligible become relevant and dramatically change the behaviour. Depending on the radius and impact velocity of the droplet, we show that the solution is overtaken by initially subdominant physical effects such as the surface tension of the liquid–gas interface or viscous forces in the liquid. At low impact velocities surface tension stops the droplet from impacting the surface, whereas at higher velocities viscous forces become important before surface tension. The ultimate dynamics of the interface once droplet viscosity cannot be neglected is not yet known.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 647: Dedicated to Professor S. H. Davis on his 70th birthday , 25 March 2010 , pp. 163 - 185
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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