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Drops bouncing off macro-textured superhydrophobic surfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2017

Ali Mazloomi Moqaddam ,
Shyam S. Chikatamarla  and
Iliya V. Karlin Open the ORCID record for Iliya V. Karlin [Opens in a new window]
Ali Mazloomi Moqaddam
Affiliation:
Aerothermochemistry and Combustion Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Shyam S. Chikatamarla
Affiliation:
Aerothermochemistry and Combustion Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Iliya V. Karlin*
Affiliation:
Aerothermochemistry and Combustion Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Recent experiments with droplets impacting macro-textured superhydrophobic surfaces revealed new regimes of bouncing with a remarkable reduction of the contact time. Here we present a comprehensive numerical study that reveals the physics behind these new bouncing regimes and quantifies the roles played by various external and internal forces. For the first time, accurate three-dimensional simulations involving realistic macro-textured surfaces are performed. After demonstrating that simulations reproduce experiments in a quantitative manner, the study is focused on analysing the flow situations beyond current experiments. We show that the experimentally observed reduction of contact time extends to higher Weber numbers, and analyse the role played by the texture density. Moreover, we report a nonlinear behaviour of the contact time with the increase of the Weber number for imperfectly coated textures, and study the impact on tilted surfaces in a wide range of Weber numbers. Finally, we present novel energy analysis techniques that elaborate and quantify the interplay between the kinetic and surface energy, and the role played by the dissipation for various Weber numbers.

JFM classification

Interfacial Flows (free surface): Contact lines Drops and Bubbles: Drops Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase flow
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 824 , 10 August 2017 , pp. 866 - 885
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Copyright
© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 1

Impact of a liquid drop on a flat superhydrophobic surface at We=26.25. The drop continues to spread after it hits the solid, after that it recoils and finally detaches from the surface at t*contact=tcontact⁄τ=2.26.

Download Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 1(Video)
Video 530.4 KB

Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 2

Impact of a liquid drop on tapered posts at We=6. The drop exhibits conventional bouncing (spreading, retracting and then leaving the substrate) with tcontact ≫t↑.

Download Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 2(Video)
Video 980.2 KB

Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 3

Bouncing off a tapered macrotexture at We=30. The drop rebounds with a pancake shape resulting in a fourfold reduction of contact time as compared with conventional bouncing.

Download Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 3(Video)
Video 680.8 KB

Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 4

Drop impact on a perfectly coated tapered macrotexture at a higher Weber number, We = 80. Liquid hits the base of the macrotexture, experiences a quick lateral extension and then detaches from the base, returns to the top of the posts, and finally the drop bounces off the surface.

Download Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 4(Video)
Video 723.7 KB

Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 5

Drop bouncing off a perfect coated tapered macrotexture at high Weber number, We = 120.

Download Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 5(Video)
Video 722.2 KB

Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 6

Impact on imperfectly coated posts at We = 80. Contact angle at the base of the posts and 10% above it set to θbottom=140°; for the rest of the solid the contact angle is θ=165°.

Download Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 6(Video)
Video 1.3 MB

Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 7

Impact on imperfectly coated posts at We = 120. Contact angle at the base of the posts and 10% above it set to θbottom=140°; for the rest of the solid the contact angle is θ=165°.

Download Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 7(Audio)
Audio 1 MB

Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 8

History of various components of the energy balance. Circle: Normalized kinetic energy K ̃; Downward triangle: Normalized surface energy S ̃; Upward triangle: Normalized dissipated energy Ξ ̃. Squares: Normalized energy balance K ̃+S ̃+Ξ ̃. Diamond: Normalized center-of-mass kinetic energy K cm. Impact on a perfectly coated SHS θ=165° at We = 30.

Download Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 8(Video)
Video 2.6 MB

Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 9

Impact on tapered posts tilted at 30°. At We = 31.2, the drop detaches from the surface after tcontact= 3.6 ms.

Download Mazloomi Moqaddam et al. supplementary movie 9(Video)
Video 1.5 MB