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Droplet impact on a flexible disk

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 December 2024

Xinping Zhou Open the ORCID record for Xinping Zhou [Opens in a new window] ,
Yongqi Xu ,
Qi Zhang Open the ORCID record for Qi Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
Wanqiu Zhang Open the ORCID record for Wanqiu Zhang [Opens in a new window]  and
Ze-Rui Peng Open the ORCID record for Ze-Rui Peng [Opens in a new window]
Xinping Zhou
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
Yongqi Xu
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
Qi Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
Wanqiu Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
Ze-Rui Peng*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China Hubei Key Laboratory for Engineering Structural Analysis and Safety Assessment, Wuhan 430074, PR China
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

In this paper, we simulate the process of two-dimensional axisymmetric fluid–structure coupling of a droplet impacting on a flexible disk. The effects of dimensionless disk stiffness (K = 0.1–1000), Weber number (We = 1–500) and contact angle (θ = 130° and 60°) on the dynamics of the droplet impacting on the flexible disk are analysed. The results indicate that there are five typical impact modes for a hydrophobic surface (θ = 130°) and four typical impact modes for a hydrophilic surface (θ = 60°) within the range of considered parameters. The analysis of spreading factor reveals that a part of the energy is transferred to the substrate, which is manifested as a weakening of the droplet spreading, when the substrate deforms downwards due to the droplet impact; the squeezing of the droplet causes a tendency to flow from the centre of the droplet to the edge, which is manifested as an enhancement of the droplet spreading, when the substrate recovers from the downward deformation. The effect of the substrate flexibility on the maximum spreading factor depends on the competition of the two mechanisms above. Based on this, a modified scaling law of βmax has been proposed by introducing the effective Weber number (Wem). The analysis of impact force demonstrates that the peak of the impact force is related to the deflection of the flexible substrate which is different from that of a rigid wall; and three typical processes of impact force variation have been summarised. In addition, unlike the rigid substrate scenario, there is an energy interaction between the droplet and the flexible substrate after impact occurs, which is classified as three typical energy transformation processes.

JFM classification

Interfacial Flows (free surface): Capillary flows Drops and Bubbles: Drops
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1002 , 10 January 2025 , A8
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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