Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b95js Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-11T06:38:23.836Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Drag reduction in turbulent channel flow laden with finite-size oblate spheroids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

M. Niazi Ardekani Open the ORCID record for M. Niazi Ardekani [Opens in a new window] ,
P. Costa ,
W.-P. Breugem ,
F. Picano  and
L. Brandt
M. Niazi Ardekani*
Affiliation:
Linné Flow Centre and Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC), KTH Mechanics, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
P. Costa
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Aero and Hydrodynamics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
W.-P. Breugem
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Aero and Hydrodynamics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
F. Picano
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padua, Italy
L. Brandt
Affiliation:
Linné Flow Centre and Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC), KTH Mechanics, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We study suspensions of oblate rigid particles in a viscous fluid for different values of the particle volume fractions. Direct numerical simulations have been performed using a direct-forcing immersed boundary method to account for the dispersed phase, combined with a soft-sphere collision model and lubrication corrections for short-range particle–particle and particle–wall interactions. With respect to the single-phase flow, we show that in flows laden with oblate spheroids the drag is reduced and the turbulent fluctuations attenuated. In particular, the turbulence activity decreases to lower values than those obtained by accounting only for the effective suspension viscosity. To explain the observed drag reduction, we consider the particle dynamics and the interactions of the particles with the turbulent velocity field and show that the particle–wall layer, previously observed and found to be responsible for the increased dissipation in suspensions of spheres, disappears in the case of oblate particles. These rotate significantly slower than spheres near the wall and tend to stay with their major axes parallel to the wall, which leads to a decrease of the Reynolds stresses and turbulence production and so to the overall drag reduction.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 816 , 10 April 2017 , pp. 43 - 70
Check for updates
Copyright
© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ardekani, M. N., Costa, P., Breugem, W. P. & Brandt, L.2016a DNS of turbulent channel flow laden with a dense suspension of neutrally buoyant finite-size spheroids. Proceedings of ICMF 2016 – 9th International Conference on Multiphase Flow (Florence, Italy).Google Scholar
Ardekani, M. N., Costa, P., Breugem, W. P. & Brandt, L. 2016b Numerical study of the sedimentation of spheroidal particles. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 87, 16–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagnold, R. A. 1954 Experiments on a gravity-free dispersion of large solid spheres in a Newtonian fluid under shear. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 225, 49–63.Google Scholar
Batchelor, G. K. 1970 The stress system in a suspension of force-free particles. J. Fluid Mech. 41 (03), 545–570.Google Scholar
Batchelor, G. K. & Green, J. T. 1972 The determination of the bulk stress in a suspension of spherical particles to order c 2 . J. Fluid Mech. 56 (03), 401–427.Google Scholar
Brandt, L. 2014 The lift-up effect: the linear mechanism behind transition and turbulence in shear flows. Eur. J. Mech. (B/Fluids) 47, 80–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breugem, W.-P. 2012 A second-order accurate immersed boundary method for fully resolved simulations of particle-laden flows. J. Comput. Phys. 231 (13), 4469–4498.Google Scholar
Brown, E. & Jaeger, H. M. 2009 Dynamic jamming point for shear thickening suspensions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (8), 086001.Google Scholar
Challabotla, N. R., Zhao, L. & Andersson, H. I. 2015a Orientation and rotation of inertial disk particles in wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 766, R2.Google Scholar
Challabotla, N. R., Zhao, L. & Andersson, H. I. 2015b Shape effects on dynamics of inertia-free spheroids in wall turbulence. Phys. Fluids 27 (6), 061703.Google Scholar
Costa, P., Boersma, B. J., Westerweel, J. & Breugem, W. P. 2015 Collision model for fully resolved simulations of flows laden with finite-size particles. Phys. Rev. E 92 (5), 053012.Google Scholar
Costa, P., Picano, F., Brandt, L. & Breugem, W. P. 2016 Universal scaling laws for dense particle suspensions in turbulent wall-bounded flows. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 134501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Angelis, E., Casciola, C. M. & Piva, R. 2002 DNS of wall turbulence: dilute polymers and self-sustaining mechanisms. Comput. Fluids 31 (4), 495–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Do-Quang, M., Amberg, G., Brethouwer, G. & Johansson, A. V. 2014 Simulation of finite-size fibers in turbulent channel flows. Phys. Rev. E 89 (1), 013006.Google Scholar
Dubief, Y., White, C. M., Terrapon, V. E., Shaqfeh, E. S. G., Moin, P. & Lele, S. K. 2004 On the coherent drag-reducing and turbulence-enhancing behaviour of polymers in wall flows. J. Fluid Mech. 514, 271–280.Google Scholar
Einstein, A. 1906 Eine neue bestimmung der moleküldimensionen. Ann. Phys. 324 (2), 289–306.Google Scholar
Einstein, A. 1911 Berichtigung zu meiner arbeit: Eine neue bestimmung der moleküldimensionen. Ann. Phys. 339 (3), 591–592.Google Scholar
Fornari, W., Formenti, A., Picano, F. & Brandt, L. 2016a The effect of particle density in turbulent channel flow laden with finite size particles in semi-dilute conditions. Phys. Fluids 28, 033301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornari, W., Picano, F. & Brandt, L. 2016b Sedimentation of finite-size spheres in quiescent and turbulent environments. J. Fluid Mech. 788, 640–669.Google Scholar
Gillissen, J. J. J., Boersma, B. J., Mortensen, P. H. & Andersson, H. I. 2008 Fibre-induced drag reduction. J. Fluid Mech. 602, 209–218.Google Scholar
Guazzelli, E. & Morris, J. F. 2011 A Physical Introduction to Suspension Dynamics, vol. 45. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hamilton, J. M., Kim, J. & Waleffe, F. 1995 Regeneration mechanisms of near-wall turbulence structures. J. Fluid Mech. 287, 317–348.Google Scholar
Hampton, R. E., Mammoli, A. A., Graham, A. L., Tetlow, N. & Altobelli, S. A. 1997 Migration of particles undergoing pressure-driven flow in a circular conduit. J. Rheol. 41 (3), 621–640.Google Scholar
Homann, H., Bec, J. & Grauer, R. 2013 Effect of turbulent fluctuations on the drag and lift forces on a towed sphere and its boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 721, 155–179.Google Scholar
Hunt, M. L., Zenit, R., Campbell, C. S. & Brennen, C. E. 2002 Revisiting the 1954 suspension experiments of R. A. Bagnold. J. Fluid Mech. 452, 1–24.Google Scholar
Jeffery, G. B. 1922 The motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 102, 161–179.Google Scholar
Jeffrey, D. J. 1982 Low-Reynolds-number flow between converging spheres. Mathematika 29, 58–66.Google Scholar
Kempe, T. & Fröhlich, J. 2012 An improved immersed boundary method with direct forcing for the simulation of particle laden flows. J. Comput. Phys. 231 (9), 3663–3684.Google Scholar
Kidanemariam, A. G., Chan-Braun, C., Doychev, T. & Uhlmann, M. 2013 Direct numerical simulation of horizontal open channel flow with finite-size, heavy particles at low solid volume fraction. New J. Phys. 15 (2), 025031.Google Scholar
Kim, J., Moin, P. & Moser, R. 1987 Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 177, 133–166.Google Scholar
Kulick, J. D., Fessler, J. R. & Eaton, J. K. 1994 Particle response and turbulence modification in fully developed channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 277, 109–134.Google Scholar
Kulkarni, P. M. & Morris, J. F. 2008 Suspension properties at finite Reynolds number from simulated shear flow. Phys. Fluids 20 (4), 040602.Google Scholar
Ladd, A. J. C. 1994a Numerical simulations of particulate suspensions via a discretized Boltzmann equation. Part 1. Theoretical foundation. J. Fluid Mech. 271, 285–309.Google Scholar
Ladd, A. J. C. 1994b Numerical simulations of particulate suspensions via a discretized Boltzmann equation. Part 2. Numerical results. J. Fluid Mech. 271, 311–339.Google Scholar
Lashgari, I., Picano, F. & Brandt, L. 2015 Transition and self-sustained turbulence in dilute suspensions of finite-size particles. Theor. Appl. Mech. Lett. 5 (3), 121–125.Google Scholar
Lashgari, I., Picano, F., Breugem, W. P. & Brandt, L. 2014 Laminar, turbulent, and inertial shear-thickening regimes in channel flow of neutrally buoyant particle suspensions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (25), 254502.Google Scholar
Lashgari, I., Picano, F., Breugem, W. P. & Brandt, L. 2016 Channel flow of rigid sphere suspensions: particle dynamics in the inertial regime. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 78, 12–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loisel, V., Abbas, M., Masbernat, O. & Climent, E. 2013 The effect of neutrally buoyant finite-size particles on channel flows in the laminar–turbulent transition regime. Phys. Fluids 25 (12), 123304.Google Scholar
Lomholt, S. & Maxey, M. R. 2003 Force-coupling method for particulate two-phase flow: Stokes flow. J. Comput. Phys. 184 (2), 381–405.Google Scholar
Lucci, F., Ferrante, A. & Elghobashi, S. 2010 Modulation of isotropic turbulence by particles of Taylor length-scale size. J. Fluid Mech. 650, 5–55.Google Scholar
Lundell, F., Söderberg, L. D. & Alfredsson, P. H. 2011 Fluid mechanics of papermaking. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 43, 195–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchioli, C., Fantoni, M. & Soldati, A. 2010 Orientation, distribution, and deposition of elongated, inertial fibers in turbulent channel flow. Phys. Fluids 22 (3), 033301.Google Scholar
Matas, J. P., Morris, J. F. & Guazzelli, E. 2003 Transition to turbulence in particulate pipe flow. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (1), 014501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehta, A. J. 2014 An Introduction to Hydraulics of Fine Sediment Transport. World Scientific.Google Scholar
Mittal, R. & Iaccarino, G. 2005 Immersed boundary methods. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 37, 239–261.Google Scholar
Mortensen, P. H., Andersson, H. I., Gillissen, J. J. & Boersma, B. J. 2008 Dynamics of prolate ellipsoidal particles in a turbulent channel flow. Phys. Fluids 20 (9), 093302.Google Scholar
Naso, A. & Prosperetti, A. 2010 The interaction between a solid particle and a turbulent flow. New J. Phys. 12 (3), 033040.Google Scholar
Nowbahar, A., Sardina, G., Picano, F. & Brandt, L. 2013 Turbophoresis attenuation in a turbulent channel flow with polymer additives. J. Fluid Mech. 732, 706–719.Google Scholar
Pan, Y. & Banerjee, S. 1996 Numerical simulation of particle interactions with wall turbulence. Phys. Fluids 8 (10), 2733–2755.Google Scholar
Paschkewitz, J. S., Dubief, Y., Dimitropoulos, C. D., Shaqfeh, E. S. G. & Moin, P. 2004 Numerical simulation of turbulent drag reduction using rigid fibres. J. Fluid Mech. 518, 281–317.Google Scholar
Peskin, C. S. 1972 Flow patterns around heart valves: a numerical method. J. Comput. Phys. 10 (2), 252–271.Google Scholar
Picano, F., Breugem, W. P. & Brandt, L. 2015 Turbulent channel flow of dense suspensions of neutrally buoyant spheres. J. Fluid Mech. 764, 463–487.Google Scholar
Picano, F., Breugem, W. P., Mitra, D. & Brandt, L. 2013 Shear thickening in non-Brownian suspensions: an excluded volume effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (9), 098302.Google Scholar
Pope, S. B. 2000 Turbulent Flows. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Prosperetti, A. 2015 Life and death by boundary conditions. J. Fluid Mech. 768, 1–4.Google Scholar
Prost, J. 1995 The Physics of Liquid Crystals. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ptasinski, P. K., Boersma, B. J., Nieuwstadt, F. T. M., Hulsen, M. A., Van den Brule, B. H. A. A. & Hunt, J. C. R. 2003 Turbulent channel flow near maximum drag reduction: simulations, experiments and mechanisms. J. Fluid Mech. 490, 251–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roma, A. M., Peskin, C. S. & Berger, M. J. 1999 An adaptive version of the immersed boundary method. J. Comput. Phys. 153 (2), 509–534.Google Scholar
Rosensweig, R. E. 2013 Ferrohydrodynamics. Courier Corporation.Google Scholar
Sardina, G., Picano, F., Schlatter, P., Brandt, L. & Casciola, C. M. 2011 Large scale accumulation patterns of inertial particles in wall-bounded turbulent flow. Flow Turbul. Combust. 86 (3–4), 519–532.Google Scholar
Sardina, G., Schlatter, P., Brandt, L., Picano, F. & Casciola, C. M. 2012 Wall accumulation and spatial localization in particle-laden wall flows. J. Fluid Mech. 699, 50–78.Google Scholar
Shao, X., Wu, T. & Yu, Z. 2012 Fully resolved numerical simulation of particle-laden turbulent flow in a horizontal channel at a low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 693, 319–344.Google Scholar
Sierakowski, A. J. & Prosperetti, A. 2016 Resolved-particle simulation by the Physalis method: enhancements and new capabilities. J. Comput. Phys. 309, 164–184.Google Scholar
Stickel, J. J. & Powell, R. L. 2005 Fluid mechanics and rheology of dense suspensions. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 37, 129–149.Google Scholar
Stone, P. A., Waleffe, F. & Graham, M. D. 2002 Toward a structural understanding of turbulent drag reduction: nonlinear coherent states in viscoelastic shear flows. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (20), 208301.Google Scholar
Uhlmann, M. 2005 An immersed boundary method with direct forcing for simulation of particulate flow. J. Comput. Phys. 209 (2), 448–476.Google Scholar
Unverdi, S. O. & Tryggvason, G. 1992 A front-tracking method for viscous, incompressible, multi-fluid flows. J. Comput. Phys. 100 (1), 25–37.Google Scholar
Virk, P. S. 1975 Drag reduction fundamentals. AIChE J. 21 (4), 625–656.Google Scholar
Voth, G. A. 2015 Disks aligned in a turbulent channel. J. Fluid Mech. 772, 1–4.Google Scholar
Xi, L. & Graham, M. D. 2010 Active and hibernating turbulence in minimal channel flow of Newtonian and polymeric fluids. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (21), 218301.Google Scholar
Yeo, K. & Maxey, M. R. 2011 Numerical simulations of concentrated suspensions of monodisperse particles in a Poiseuille flow. J. Fluid Mech. 682, 491–518.Google Scholar
Yu, Z., Wu, T., Shao, X. & Lin, J. 2013 Numerical studies of the effects of large neutrally buoyant particles on the flow instability and transition to turbulence in pipe flow. Phys. Fluids 25 (4), 043305.Google Scholar
Zhang, H., Ahmadi, G., Fan, F. G. & McLaughlin, J. B. 2001 Ellipsoidal particles transport and deposition in turbulent channel flows. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 27 (6), 971–1009.Google Scholar
Zhang, Z. & Prosperetti, A. 2005 A second-order method for three-dimensional particle simulation. J. Comput. Phys. 210 (1), 292–324.Google Scholar
Zhang, Q. & Prosperetti, A. 2010 Physics-based analysis of the hydrodynamic stress in a fluid–particle system. Phys. Fluids 22 (3), 033306.Google Scholar