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Direct numerical simulation of transition in a sharp cone boundary layer at Mach 6: fundamental breakdown

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2015

Jayahar Sivasubramanian  and
Hermann F. Fasel
Jayahar Sivasubramanian*
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Hermann F. Fasel
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) were performed to investigate the laminar–turbulent transition in a boundary layer on a sharp cone with an isothermal wall at Mach 6 and at zero angle of attack. The motivation for this research is to make a contribution towards understanding the nonlinear stages of transition and the final breakdown to turbulence in hypersonic boundary layers. In particular, the role of second-mode fundamental resonance, or (K-type) breakdown, is investigated using high-resolution ‘controlled’ transition simulations. The simulations were carried out for the laboratory conditions of the hypersonic transition experiments conducted at Purdue University. First, several low-resolution simulations were carried out to explore the parameter space for fundamental resonance in order to identify the cases that result in strong nonlinear interactions. Subsequently, based on the results from this study, a set of highly resolved simulations that proceed deep into the turbulent breakdown region have been performed. The nonlinear interactions observed during the breakdown process are discussed in detail in this paper. A detailed description of the flow structures that arise due to these nonlinear interactions is provided and an analysis of the skin friction and heat transfer development during the breakdown is presented. The controlled transition simulations clearly demonstrate that fundamental breakdown may indeed be a viable path to complete breakdown to turbulence in hypersonic cone boundary layers at Mach 6.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer stability Aerodynamics: High-speed flow Instability: Transition to turbulence
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 768 , 10 April 2015 , pp. 175 - 218
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© 2015 Cambridge University Press 

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