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Direct numerical simulation of hypersonic turbulent boundary layers. Part 2. Effect of wall temperature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 May 2010

L. DUAN ,
I. BEEKMAN  and
M. P. MARTÍN
L. DUAN
Affiliation:
Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
I. BEEKMAN
Affiliation:
Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
M. P. MARTÍN*
Affiliation:
Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

In this paper, we perform direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent boundary layers at Mach 5 with the ratio of wall-to-edge temperature Tw/Tδ from 1.0 to 5.4 (Cases M5T1 to M5T5). The influence of wall cooling on Morkovin's scaling, Walz's equation, the standard and modified strong Reynolds analogies, turbulent kinetic energy budgets, compressibility effects and near-wall coherent structures is assessed. We find that many of the scaling relations used to express adiabatic compressible boundary-layer statistics in terms of incompressible boundary layers also hold for non-adiabatic cases. Compressibility effects are enhanced by wall cooling but remain insignificant, and the turbulence dissipation remains primarily solenoidal. Moreover, the variation of near-wall streaks, iso-surface of the swirl strength and hairpin packets with wall temperature demonstrates that cooling the wall increases the coherency of turbulent structures. We present the mechanism by which wall cooling enhances the coherence of turbulence structures, and we provide an explanation of why this mechanism does not represent an exception to the weakly compressible hypothesis.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 655 , 25 July 2010 , pp. 419 - 445
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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