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Connections between resonance and nonlinearity in swimming performance of a flexible heaving plate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2020

Andres Goza Open the ORCID record for Andres Goza [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniel Floryan Open the ORCID record for Daniel Floryan [Opens in a new window]  and
Clarence Rowley
Andres Goza*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Daniel Floryan
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Clarence Rowley
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
*
†Present address: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

We investigate the role of resonance in finite-amplitude swimming of a flexible flat plate in a viscous fluid. The role of resonance in performance remains unclear for two reasons: (i) a lack of definition of resonance for the fully coupled fluid–structure interaction system in a viscous flow, and (ii) the presence of nonlinear effects, which makes it difficult to disentangle resonant and non-resonant mechanisms in finite-amplitude swimming. We address point (i) and provide an unambiguous definition for system resonance by computing global linear stability modes of the fully coupled fluid–structure interaction system that account for the viscous fluid, the plate and the coupling between them. We resolve point (ii) by considering high-fidelity nonlinear simulations of systematically increased amplitude. By comparing the results for different amplitudes with one another and with the linear stability modes, we separate linear and/or resonant effects from nonlinear and/or non-resonant effects. Resonant behaviour is observed over a wide range of plate stiffnesses, with peaks in trailing-edge motion and thrust occurring near the resonant frequency defined by the global linear analysis. The peaks broaden and weaken with increasing heave amplitude, consistent with an increased damping effect from the fluid. At the same time, non-resonant mechanisms are present at large heave amplitudes. The input power exhibits qualitatively different dynamics at large heave amplitudes compared to smaller heave amplitudes, where resonance dominates. Moreover, leading-edge separation is present for stiff plates at large heave amplitudes, which can drastically alter the performance characteristics from what one would expect through linear predictions.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Propulsion Biological Fluid Dynamics: Swimming/flying
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 888 , 10 April 2020 , A30
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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