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Cavitation and the state of stress in a flowing liquid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 1998

DANIEL D. JOSEPH
DANIEL D. JOSEPH
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace, Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Abstract

The problem of the inception of cavitation is formulated in terms of a comparison of the breaking strength or cavitation threshold at each point in a liquid sample with the principal stresses there. A criterion of maximum tension is proposed which unifies the theory of cavitation, the theory of maximum tensile strength of liquid filaments and the theory of fracture of amorphous solids. Liquids at atmospheric pressure which cannot withstand tension will cavitate when and where tensile stresses due to motion exceed one atmosphere. A cavity will open in the direction of the maximum tensile stress which is 45° from the plane of shearing in pure shear of a Newtonian fluid. Experiments which support these ideas are discussed and some new experiments are proposed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 366 , 10 July 1998 , pp. 367 - 378
Copyright
© 1998 Cambridge University Press

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