Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T12:49:32.940Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An experimental study of the velocity distribution and transition to turbulence in the aorta

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2006

R. M. Nerem ,
W. A. Seed  and
N. B. Wood
R. M. Nerem
Affiliation:
Physiological Flow Studies Unit, Imperial College, London Present address: Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, The Ohio State University.
W. A. Seed
Affiliation:
Physiological Flow Studies Unit, Imperial College, London
N. B. Wood
Affiliation:
Physiological Flow Studies Unit, Imperial College, London Present address: The Central Electricity Rosearch Laboratories, Leatherhead, Surrey.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The development and evaluation of a hot-film probe, suitable for use within arteries and operated with a commercial constant-temperature anemometer and linearizcr, is described. The performance of the system in the recording of arterial velocity wave forms is described, and instantaneous and time-averaged velocity profiles constructed from measurements in the thoracic aorta of dogs are presented. The profiles were blunt, with boundary layers estimated to be less than 2 mm thick throughout the cycle, and significant skews were observed, the explanation for which appears to lie in the influence of local geometry on the flow. A preliminary study of flow disturbances in the aorta based on visual observation of instantaneous velocity wave forms and frequency spectrum analysis is reported. The occurrence of flow disturbances and turbulence is shown to be related to peak Reynolds number and the frequency parameter α. The possible roles of free-stream disturbances and boundary-layer transition in generating these disturbances are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 52 , Issue 1 , 14 March 1972 , pp. 137 - 160
Copyright
© 1972 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Atabek, H. B. & Chang, C. C. 1961 Oscillatory flow near the entry of a circular tube. Z. angew. Math. Phys. 12, 185–201.Google Scholar
Barnett, G. O., Mallos, A. J. & Shapiro, A. 1961 Relationship of aortic pressure and diameter in the dog. J. Appl. Physiol. 16, 545–548.Google Scholar
Bellhouse, B. J. 1970 Fluid mechanics of a model mitral valve. J. Physiol. 208, 72–73P.Google Scholar
Bellhouse, B. J. & Talbot, L. 1969 Fluid mechanics of the aortic valve. J. Fluid Mech. 35, 721–735.Google Scholar
Dryden, H. L. 1936 Air flow in the boundary layer near a plate. N.A.C.A. Bep. no. 562.Google Scholar
Goldstein, S. 1938 Modern Developments in Fluid Dynamics. Clarendon.
Inouye, A. & Kosaka, H. 1959 A study with the olcctromagnetic flowmeter of flow pattorns in carotid and femoral arteries of rabbits and dogs. J. Physiol. 147, 209–220.Google Scholar
Jones, A. S. 1970 Wall shear in pulsatile flow. Appl. Math. Preprint University of Queensland, no. 35.Google Scholar
Kuchar, N. R. & Ostrach, S. 1967 Unsteady entrance flows in elastic tubes with application to the vascular system. Case Western Reserve University Rep. Ftas/TR-67-25.Google Scholar
Ling, S. C., Atabek, H. B., Fry, D. L., Patel, D. J. & Janicki, J. S. 1968 Application of heated-film velocity and shear probes to hemodynamic studios. Circulation lies. 23, 789–801.Google Scholar
Mcdonald, D. A. 1960 Blood Flow in Arteries. London: Edward Arnold.
Nerem, R. M. 1969 Fluid-mechanical aspects of blood flow. Proc. of 8th Int. Symp. On Space Tech. & Sci. To be published.Google Scholar
Sikuradase, J. 1934 In Applied Hydro- and Aerodynamics (ed. L. Prandtl & O. G. Tietjens). McGraw-Hill.
Noble, M. I. M., Gabe, I. T., Trenchard, D. & Guz, A. 1967 Blood pressure and flow in the ascending aorta of conscious dogs. Cardiovascular Res. 1, 9–20.Google Scholar
Noble, M. I. M., Thenchard, D. & Guz, A. 1966 Measurement and significance of the maximum acceleration of blood from the left ventricle. Circulation Res. 19, 139–147.Google Scholar
Obremski, H. J., Morkovin, M. V. & Landahl, M. 1969 Portfolio of the stability characteristics of incompressible boundary layers. AGARDO graph, no. 134.
Ohlsson, N. M. 1962 Left heart and aortic blood flow in the dog. Acta Radiologica. Suppl. 213, 1–80.Google Scholar
Sarpkaya, T. 1966 Experimental determination of the critical Reynolds number for pulsating Poiseuille flow. Trans. A.S.M.E. 66-FE-S, 1–10.Google Scholar
Schlichting, H. 1968 Boundary Layer Theory. McGraw-Hill.
Schultz, D. L., Tunstall Pedoe, D. S., Lee, G. De J., Gunning, A. J. & Bellhouse, B. J. 1969 Velocity distribution and transition in the artorial system. In Circulatory and Respiratory Mass Transport. A Ciba Foundation Symposium (ed. G. E. W. Wolstenholme & J. Knight), pp. 172–199. London: Churchill.
Seed, W. A. 1969 Fabrication of thin-film microcircuits on curved substrates. J. Sci. Instrum. 2, 206.Google Scholar
Seed, W. A. & Wood, N. B. 1969 An apparatus for calibrating velocity probos in liquids. J. Sci. Instrum. 2, 896–898.Google Scholar
Seed, W. A. & Wood, N. B. 1970a Development and ovaluation of a hot-film velocity probe for cardiovascular studies. Cardiovascular Res. 4, 253-263.Google Scholar
Seed, W. A. & Wood, N. B. 1970b Use of a hot-film probe for cardiovascular studies. J. Sci. Instrum. 3, 377–384.Google Scholar
Seed, W. A. & Wood, S. B. 1971 Velocity patterns in the aorta. Cardiovascular Res. 5, 319–330.Google Scholar
Shen, S. F. 1961 Some considerations on the laminar stability of time-dependent basic flows. J. Aerospace Sci. 20, 397–417.Google Scholar
Vidal, R. J. & Golian, T. C. 1967 Heat-transfer measurements with a catalytic flat plate in dissociated oxygen. A.I.A.A. J. 5, 1579–1588.Google Scholar
Wowersley, J. R. 1958 The mathematical analysis of the arterial circulation in a state of oscillatory motion. Wright Air Development Center, Tech. Rep. no. Wadc-TR-56-614.
Wood, N. B. 1971 Ph.D. thesis, University of London.
Yellis, E. L. 1966 Laminar-turbulent transition process in pulsatile flow. Circulation Res. 19, 791–804.Google Scholar