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An experimental study and modelling of roughness effects on laminar flow in microchannels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2007

G. GAMRAT ,
M. FAVRE-MARINET ,
S. LE PERSON ,
R. BAVIÈRE  and
F. AYELA
G. GAMRAT
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, CNRS-UJF-INPG, 1025 rue de la Piscine, BP 53 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
M. FAVRE-MARINET
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, CNRS-UJF-INPG, 1025 rue de la Piscine, BP 53 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
S. LE PERSON
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, CNRS-UJF-INPG, 1025 rue de la Piscine, BP 53 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
R. BAVIÈRE
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, CNRS-UJF-INPG, 1025 rue de la Piscine, BP 53 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France Institut Néel, CNRS, B.P. 166, 34042 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
F. AYELA
Affiliation:
Institut Néel, CNRS, B.P. 166, 34042 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
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Abstract

Three different approaches were used in the present study to predict the influence of roughness on laminar flow in microchannels. Experimental investigations were conducted with rough microchannels 100 to 300μm in height (H). The pressure drop was measured in test-sections prepared with well-controlled wall roughness (periodically distributed blocks, relative roughness k* =k/0.5H≈0.15) and in test-sections with randomly distributed particles anchored on the channel walls (k* ≈0.04–0.13). Three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted with the same geometry as in the test-section with periodical roughness (wavelength L). A one-dimensional model (RLM model) was also developed on the basis of a discrete-element approach and the volume-averaging technique. The numerical simulations, the rough layer model and the experiments agree to show that the Poiseuille number Po increases with the relative roughness and is independent of Re in the laminar regime (Re<2000). The increase in Po observed during the experiments is predicted well both by the three-dimensional simulations and the rough layer model. The RLM model shows that the roughness effect may be interpreted by using an effective roughness height keff. keff/k depends on two dimensionless local parameters: the porosity at the bottom wall; and the roughness height normalized with the distance between the rough elements. The RLM model shows that keff/k is independent of the relative roughness k* at given k/L and may be simply approximated by the law: keff/k = 1 − (c(ϵ)/2π)(L/k) for keff/k>0.2, where c decreases with the porosity ϵ.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 594 , 10 January 2008 , pp. 399 - 423
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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