Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-17T23:13:43.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Air entrapment by a falling water mass

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

Hasan N. Oguz ,
Andrea Prosperetti  and
Ali R. Kolaini
Hasan N. Oguz
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Andrea Prosperetti
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Ali R. Kolaini
Affiliation:
National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The impact of a nearly cylindrical water mass on a water surface is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The experiments consist of the rapid release of water from the bottom of a cylindrical container suspended above a large water tank and of the recording of the free-surface shape of the resulting crater with a high-speed camera. A bubble with a diameter of about twice that of the initial cylinder remains entrapped at the bottom of the crater when the aspect ratio and the energy of the falling water mass are sufficiently large. Many of the salient features of the phenomenon are explained on the basis of simple physical arguments. Boundary-integral potential-flow simulations of the process are also described. These numerical results are in fair to good agreement with the observations.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 294 , 10 July 1995 , pp. 181 - 207
Copyright
© 1995 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Best, J. P. 1993 The formation of toroidal bubbles upon the collapse of transient cavities. J. Fluid Mech. 251, 79–107.Google Scholar
Birkhoff, G. & Zarantonello, E. H. 1957 Jets, Wakes and Cavities. Academic.
Blake, J. R., Taib, B. B. & Doherty, G. 1986 Transient cavities near boundaries. Part 1. Rigid boundary. J. Fluid Mech. 170, 479–497.Google Scholar
Blake, J. R., Taib, B. B. & Doherty, G. 1987 Transient cavities near boundaries. Part 2. Free surface. J. Fluid Mech. 181, 197–212.Google Scholar
Chahine, G. L., Wenk, K., Gupta, S. & Elmore, P. A. 1991 Bubble formation following drop impact at a free surface. In Cavitation and Multiphase Forum (ed. O. Furuya & H. Kato), vol. 109, pp. 63–68. ASME.
Ding, L. & Farmer, D. M. 1994 On the dipole acoustic source level of breaking waves. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 3036–3044.Google Scholar
Dommermuth, D. G. & Yue, D. K. P. 1987 Numerical simulations of nonlinear axisymmetric flows with a free surface. J. Fluid Mech. 178, 195–219.Google Scholar
Farmer, D. M. & Ding, L. 1992 Coherent acoustical radiation from breaking waves. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 397–402.Google Scholar
Franz, G. J. 1959 Splashes as sources of sound in liquids. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31, 1080–1096.Google Scholar
Hollett, R. D. 1994 Observations of underwater sound at frequencies below 1500 Hz from breaking waves at sea. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 165–170.Google Scholar
Kolaini, A. R. & Crum, L. A. 1994 Observations of underwater sound from laboratory breaking waves and the implications concerning ambient noise in the ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 1755–1765.Google Scholar
Kolaini, A. R., Roy, R. A., Crum, L. A. & Mao, Y. 1993 Low-frequency underwater sound generation by impacting transient water jets. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94, 2809–2820.Google Scholar
Kucera, A. & Best, J. P. 1992 A numerical investigation of non-spherical rebounding bubbles. J. Fluid Mech. 245, 137–154.Google Scholar
Lamarre, E. & Melville, W. K. 1994 Void-fraction measurements and sound-speed fields in bubble plumes generated by breaking waves. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 1317–1328.Google Scholar
Loewen, M. R. & Melville, W. K. 1994 An experimental investigation of the collective oscillations of bubble plumes entrained by breaking waves. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 1329–1343.Google Scholar
Longuet-Higgins, M. S. 1989 Report of ONR Planning Group on Acoustic Sea Surface Scattering. MIT Tech. Rep., 7-10 March 1989.Google Scholar
Longuet-Higgins, M. S. 1990 An analytic model of sound production by rain-drops. J. Fluid Mech. 214, 395–410.Google Scholar
Longuet-Higgins, M. S. 1992 Capillary rollers and bores. J. Fluid Mech. 240, 659–679.Google Scholar
Longuet-Higgins, M. S. 1994 Shear instability in spilling breakers. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 446, 399–409.Google Scholar
Medwin, H. & Beaky, M. M. 1989 Bubble sources of the Knudsen sea noise spectra. J. Acoust. Soc. Am 86, 1124–1130.Google Scholar
Medwin, H. & Daniel, A. C. 1990 Acoustical measurements of bubble production by spilling breakers. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 408–412.Google Scholar
Minnaert, M. 1933 On musical air bubbles and the sounds of running water. Phil. Mag. 16, 235–248.Google Scholar
Oǵntuz, H. N., Lezzi, A. M. & Prosperetti, A. 1992 Examples of air-entraining flows. Phys. Fluids 4, 649–651.Google Scholar
Oǵntuz, H. N. & Prosperetti, A. 1989 Surface-tension effects in the contact of liquid surfaces. J. Fluid Mech. 203, 149–171.Google Scholar
Oǵntuz, H. N. & Prosperetti, A. 1990 Bubble entrainment by the impact of drops on liquid surfaces. J. Fluid Mech. 219, 143–179.Google Scholar
Oǵntuz, H. N. & Prosperetti, A. 1991 Numerical calculation of the underwater noise of rain. J. Fluid Mech. 228, 417–442.Google Scholar
Oǵntuz, H. N. & Prosperetti, A. 1993 Drop impact and the underwater noise of rain. In Natural Physical Sources of Underwater Sound (ed. B. R. Kerman), pp. 669–682. Reidel.
Prosperetti, A 1988 Bubble related ambient noise in the ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 1042–1054.Google Scholar
Prosperetti, A. & Oǵntuz, H. N. 1993 The impact of drops on liquid surfaces and the underwater noise of rain. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 25, 577–602.Google Scholar
Pumphrey, H. C. & Crum, L. A. 1988 Acoustic emissions associated with drop impacts. In Sea Surface Sound (ed. B. R. Kerman), pp. 463–483. Kluwer.
Pumphrey, H. C. & Crum, L. A. 1990 Free oscillations of near-surface bubbles 87, 142–148.
Pumphrey, H. C., Crum, L. A. & BjöThrnöTh, L. 1989 Underwater sound produced by individual drop impacts and rainfall. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 1518–1526.Google Scholar
Pumphrey, H. C. & Elmore, P. A. 1990 The entrainment of bubbles by drop impacts. J. Fluid Mech. 220, 539–567.Google Scholar
Stroud, J. S. & Marston, P. L. 1993 Optical detection of transient bubble oscillations associated with the underwater noise of rain. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94, 2788–2792.Google Scholar