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Air entrapment at impact of a conus onto a liquid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2023

J.-B. Carrat Open the ORCID record for J.-B. Carrat [Opens in a new window] ,
N. Gavrilov Open the ORCID record for N. Gavrilov [Opens in a new window] ,
A. Cherdantsev Open the ORCID record for A. Cherdantsev [Opens in a new window] ,
N. Shmakova Open the ORCID record for N. Shmakova [Opens in a new window]  and
E. Ermanyuk Open the ORCID record for E. Ermanyuk [Opens in a new window]
J.-B. Carrat*
Affiliation:
Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, av. Lavrentyev 15, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
N. Gavrilov
Affiliation:
Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, av. Lavrentyev 15, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
A. Cherdantsev
Affiliation:
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, av. Lavrentyev 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
N. Shmakova
Affiliation:
Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, av. Lavrentyev 15, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
E. Ermanyuk
Affiliation:
Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, av. Lavrentyev 15, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
*
†Email address for correspondence: carrat@hydro.nsc.ru
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Abstract

In this experimental work, a conus impacts a deep liquid pool at a speed varying from 1.3 to $19.0\ {\rm cm}\ {\rm s}^{-1}$. Two liquids (2.5 % butanol–water solution or distilled water) and four coni made from duralumin with a diameter of 180 mm and different deadrise angles $\beta$ ($2^{\circ }$, $3^{\circ }$, $4^{\circ }$ and 5$^{\circ }$) are tested. An air cushion is trapped between the conus solid surface and the liquid. Several types of bubble patterns after the collapse of the air cushion are observed: one or multiple bubbles near the conus centre (vertex), irregular trails of bubbles on the conus surface and a ring of bubbles in a ‘necklace’-shaped arrangement. With a total internal reflection set-up and appropriate image post-processing, the external and internal radii of the ring-shaped wetted area are estimated for each frame. The external (internal) radius increases (decreases) in time following a linear (exponential) law. The speed of the outer border of the wetted area is in agreement with the Wagner theory for a body impacting onto a liquid. The initial radius of the annular touchdown region is estimated as the intersection of the relevant fitting curves. In the studied range of parameters, the initial radius obeys a universal scaling law, which follows from the air–water lubrication–inertia balance.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Gas/liquid flow Interfacial Flows (free surface): Thin films
Type
JFM Rapids
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 966 , 10 July 2023 , R1
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Carrat et al. Supplementary Movie 1

Typical impact event. Experimental conditions : liquid BWS, V = 4.2 cm/s and β = 2°.

Download Carrat et al. Supplementary Movie 1(Video)
Video 8.3 MB

Carrat et al. Supplementary Movie 2

One bubble. Experimental conditions : liquid BWS, V = 7.7 cm/s and β = 2°.

Download Carrat et al. Supplementary Movie 2(Video)
Video 6.9 MB

Carrat et al. Supplementary Movie 3

Multiple bubbles. Experimental conditions : liquid BWS, V = 4.9 cm/s and β = 2°.

Download Carrat et al. Supplementary Movie 3(Video)
Video 6.7 MB

Carrat et al. Supplementary Movie 4

Trail of bubbles. Experimental conditions : liquid BWS, V = 2.0 cm/s and β = 3°.

Download Carrat et al. Supplementary Movie 4(Video)
Video 7.4 MB

Carrat et al. Supplementary Movie 5

Ring of bubbles in regular “necklace” arrangement. Experimental conditions : liquid BWS, V = 1.4 cm/s and β = 3

Download Carrat et al. Supplementary Movie 5(Video)
Video 8.3 MB