Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T11:11:50.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Turbulent drag reduction by constant near-wall forcing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2007

JIN XU ,
SUCHUAN DONG ,
MARTIN R. MAXEY  and
GEORGE E. KARNIADAKIS
JIN XU
Affiliation:
Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
SUCHUAN DONG
Affiliation:
Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
MARTIN R. MAXEY*
Affiliation:
Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
GEORGE E. KARNIADAKIS
Affiliation:
Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Computational experiments based on the direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow reveal that the skin friction can be reduced as much as 70% by the action of a localized steady force acting against the flow close to the wall. In addition, the excessive shear stresses observed during the laminar-to-turbulence transition can be substantially reduced. For a sustained reduction in the skin friction, the control force has to act within a distance of 20 wall units (scaling with the location of the maximum Reynolds stress gradient); otherwise a transient drag reduction is observed or even an increase in drag. The forcing leads to the formation of a shear layer close to the wall that reduces the skin friction and limits the development of the Reynolds shear stresses. As the amplitude of the forcing is increased, the shear layer breaks down and generates its own turbulence, setting an upper limit to the level of drag reduction. This transition of the shear layer is correlated with a Reynolds number based on the forcing amplitude and length scale.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 582 , 10 July 2007 , pp. 79 - 101
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Present address: Physics Division, Argonne National Lab, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.

Present address: Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

References

REFERENCES

Del Álamo, J. & Jiménez, J. 2003 Spectra of the very large anisotropic scales in turbulent channels. Phys. Fluids 15, L41–L44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Del Álamo, J., Jiménez, J., Zandonade, P. & Moser, R. 2004 Scaling of the energy spectra of turbulent channels. J. Fluid Mech. 500, 135–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bechert, D. & Bartenwerfer, M. 1989 The viscous flow on surfaces with longitudinal ribs. J. Fluid Mech. 206, 105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, T., Kim, J., Lee, C. & Lim, J. 2000 Turbulent boundary layer control utilizing the Lorentz force. Phys. Fluids 12, 631–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bushnell, D. & Moore, K. 1991 Drag reduction in nature. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 65–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, Y., Collis, S. & Ramakrishnan, S. 2002 Viscous effects in control of near-wall turbulence. Phys. Fluids 14, 4069–4080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, H., Moin, P. & Kim, J. 1994 Active turbulence control for drag reduction in wall-bounded flows. J. Fluid Mech. 262, 75–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, K.-S. 1989 Near-wall structure of a turbulent boundary layer with riblets. J. Fluid Mech. 208, 417–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, C. & Karniadakis, G. 1997 Reynolds stress analysis of EMHD-controlled wall turbulence. Part I. Streamwise forcing. Phys. Fluids 9, 788–806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deutsch, S., Moeny, M., Fontaine, A. & Petrie, H. 2003 Microbubble drag reduction in rough walled turbulent boundary layers. In Proc. ASME, FEDSM2003-45647, 4th ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engng Conf. Honolulu, Hawai, USA, July 6–11.Google Scholar
Du, Y. & Karniadakis, G. 2000 Suppressing wall turbulence by means of a transverse traveling wave. Science 288, 1230–1234.Google Scholar
Fife, P., Wei, T., Klewicki, J. & McMurty, P. 2005 Stress gradient balance layers and scale hierarchies in wall-bounded turbulent flows. J. Fluid Mech. 532, 165–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukagata, K., Iwamoto, K. & Kasagi, N. 2002 Contribution of Reynolds stress distribution to the skin friction in wall-bounded flows. Phys. Fluids 14, L73–L76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gad-El-Hak, M. 2000 Flow Control. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, E., Bewley, T. & Moin, P. 1998 Observed mechanisms for turbulence attenuation and enhancement in opposition-controlled wall-bounded flows. Phys. Fluids 10, 2421–2423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwamoto, K., Suzuki, Y. & Kasagi, N. 2002 Reynolds number effect on wall turbulence: toward effective feedback control. Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow 23, 678–689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiménez, J. & Pinelli, A. 1999 The autonomous cycle of near-wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 389, 335–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiménez, J., Del Álamo, J. & Flores, O. 2004 The large scale dynamics of near-wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 505, 179–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karniadakis, G. & Choi, K.-S. 2003 Mechanisms on transverse motions in turbulent wall flows. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 35, 45–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karniadakis, G. & Sherwin, S. 2005 Spectral/hp Element Methods for Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxey, M., Xu, J., Dong, S. & Karniadakis, G. 2003 Simulation results for microbubbles and turbulent drag reduction. In Proc. ASME, FEDSM2003-45638, 4th ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engng Conf. Honolulu, Hawai, USA, July 6–11.Google Scholar
Moser, R., Kim, J. & Mansour, N. 1999 Direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow up to Re τ = 590. Phys. Fluids 11, 943–945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, R., Castano, J. & Stace, J. 1998 Combined polymer and microbubble drag reduction. In Proc. Intl Symp. on Seawater Drag Reduction, Newport RI.Google Scholar
Ptasinski, P., Boersma, B., Nieuwstadt, F., Hulsen, M., Van den Brule, B. & Hunt, J. 2003 Turbulent channel flow near maximum drag reduction: simulations, experiments and mechanisms. J. Fluid Mech. 490, 251–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quadrio, M. & Ricco, P. 2004 Critical assessment of turbulent drag reduction through spanwise wall oscillations. J. Fluid Mech. 521, 251–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sreenivasan, K. 1989 The turbulent boundary layer. In Proc. Frontiers in Experimental Fluid Mech. (ed. Gad-el-Hak, M.), pp. 159–209. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, J. 2005 High Reynolds number simulation and drag reduction techniques. PhD thesis, Brown University.Google Scholar
Xu, J., Maxey, M. & Karniadakis, G. 2002 Numerical simulation of turbulent drag reduction using micro-bubbles. J. Fluid Mech. 468, 271–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar