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Streamwise dispersion and mixing in quasi-two-dimensional steady turbulent jets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 September 2012

Julien R. Landel ,
C. P. Caulfield  and
Andrew W. Woods
Julien R. Landel*
Affiliation:
BP Institute, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, UK Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
C. P. Caulfield
Affiliation:
BP Institute, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, UK Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
Andrew W. Woods
Affiliation:
BP Institute, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the streamwise transport and dispersion properties of steady quasi-two-dimensional plane turbulent jets discharged vertically from a slot of width into a fluid confined between two relatively close rigid boundaries with gap . We model the evolution in time and space of the concentration of passive tracers released in these jets using a one-dimensional time-dependent effective advection–diffusion equation. We make a mixing length hypothesis to model the streamwise turbulent eddy diffusivity such that it scales like , where is the streamwise coordinate, is the jet width, is the maximum time-averaged vertical velocity. Under these assumptions, the effective advection–diffusion equation for , the horizontal integral of the ensemble-averaged concentration, is of the form , where is time, (the advection parameter) and (the dispersion parameter) are empirical dimensionless parameters which quantify the importance of advection and dispersion, respectively, and is the source momentum flux. We find analytical solutions to this equation for in the cases of a constant-flux release and an instantaneous finite-volume release. We also give an integral formulation for the more general case of a time-dependent release, which we solve analytically when tracers are released at a constant flux over a finite period of time. From our experimental results, whose concentration distributions agree with the model, we find that and , for both finite-volume releases and constant-flux releases using either dye or virtual passive tracers. The experiments also show that streamwise dispersion increases in time as . As a result, in the case of finite-volume releases more than 50 % of the total volume of tracers is transported ahead of the purely advective front (i.e. the front location of the tracer distribution if all dispersion mechanisms are ignored and considering a ‘top-hat’ mean velocity profile in the jet); and in the case of constant-flux releases, at each instant in time, approximately 10 % of the total volume of tracers is transported ahead of the advective front.

JFM classification

Wakes/Jets: Jets Geophysical and Geological Flows: Shallow water flows
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 711 , 25 November 2012 , pp. 212 - 258
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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