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The onset of cellular convection in a fluid layer with time-dependent density gradients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2006

L. M. Blair  and
J. A. Quinn
L. M. Blair
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
J. A. Quinn
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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Abstract

Onset times for convection induced by buoyancy forces have been measured. Results on three aqueous systems are summarized in terms of a critical value for a time-dependent Rayleigh number. Because of the presence of minute traces of unavoidable surface-active contaminants, a ‘free’ water surface behaved as if it were inflexible and laterally rigid so far as determining first convective motion was concerned. The form of the onset motion was observed with schlieren photography for both top and side view. The pattern at onset was frequently in the form of plunging rings. Surface effects were demonstrated with an organic liquid layer in which onset times were measured for convection driven by surface tension gradients as well as by buoyancy forces. The data are compared with some recent predictions of linear stability analyses.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , 14 April 1969 , pp. 385 - 400
Copyright
© 1969 Cambridge University Press

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