Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-21T03:47:21.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Measurement of the lift force on a particle fixed to the wall in the viscous sublayer of a fully developed turbulent boundary layer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

A. M. Mollinger  and
F. T. M. Nieuwstadt
A. M. Mollinger
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Lab for Aero- and Hydrodynamics, Rotterdamseweg 145, 2628 AL, Delft, The Netherlands Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Lab for Particle Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The Netherlands Present address: Shell Research b.v., Volmerlaan 8, 2288 GD, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
F. T. M. Nieuwstadt
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Lab for Aero- and Hydrodynamics, Rotterdamseweg 145, 2628 AL, Delft, The Netherlands
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We have investigated the lift force on a small isolated particle which is attached to a flat smooth surface and embedded within the viscous sublayer of the turbulent boundary layer over this surface. We have developed a novel experimental technique with which it is possible to measure both the mean and fluctuating lift force by gluing the particle on top of a silicium cantilever. The deflection of this cantilever is measured with a focused laser beam. The sensitivity of the focus detection system allows us to measure a lift force with an average value around 10−8N and with a standard deviation of approximately 5% of the mean. This means that our device is at least a factor of 100 more sensitive than previous devices and at the same time able to measure the lift forces on smaller particles. Data for the mean lift force (FL+) as a function of the particle radius (a+), where both parameters have been non-dimensionalized with the kinematic viscosity v and the friction velocity u*, are obtained in the range 0.3 < a+ < 2. The data support the relationship: FL+ = (56.9 ± 1.1) (a+)1.87±0.04. Also results on the fluctuating lift force have been obtained. We find that the ratio of the r.m.s. to the mean lift force is approximately 2.8.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 316 , 10 June 1996 , pp. 285 - 306
Copyright
© 1996 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bagnold, R. A. 1961 The Physics of Blown Sands and Desert Dunes. Chapman & Hall.
Bagnold, R. A. 1974 Fluid forces on a body in shear flow; experimental use of stationary flow. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 340, 147–171.Google Scholar
Bouwhuis, G., Braat, J., Huyser, A., Pasman, J., Rosmalen, G. VAN & Schouhamer-Immink, K. 1985 Principles of Optical Disc Systems. Adam Hilger.
Brooke, J. W. & Hanratty, T. J. 1993 Origin of turbulence-producing eddies in a channel flow Phys. Fluids A 5, 1011–1022.Google Scholar
Cherukat, P. & McLaughlin, J. B. 1994 The inertial lift on a rigid sphere in a linear shear flow field near a wall. J. Fluid Mech. 263, 1–18.Google Scholar
Chew, Y.T., Khoo, B. C. & Li, G. L. 1994 A time resolved hot-wire sensor shear stress probe for turbulent flow: use of laminar flow calibration. Exps. Fluids 17, 75–83.Google Scholar
Ching, C. Y., Djenidi, L. & Antonia, R. A. 1995 Low-Reynolds-number effects in a turbulent boundary layer. Exps. Fluids 16, 61–68.Google Scholar
Durst, F., Jovanovic, J. & Sender, J. 1994 Detailed measurements of the near wall region of a turbulent pipe flow. In Data Validation of Cfd Codes (ed. D. Goldstein, D. Hughes, R. Johnson & D. Lankford). ASME-FED, Vol. 146.
Eichhorn, R. & Small, S. 1964 Experiments on the lift and drag of spheres suspended in a Poiseuille flow. J. Fluid Mech. 20, 513–527.Google Scholar
Hall, D. 1988 Measurements of the mean force on a particle near a boundary in turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech. 187, 451–466Google Scholar
Hamilton, J. M., Kim, J. & Waleff, F. 1995 Regeneration mechanisms of near-wall turbulence structures. J. Fluid Mech. 287, 317–348.Google Scholar
Hille, P., Magens, E. & Tessmer, W. 1982 Forces on a single sediment grain and their dependence on the surrounding flow field. Euromech 156: Mechanics of Sediment Transport. Istanbul, pp. 73–77.
Hinze, J. O. 1975 Turbulence. McGraw-Hill.
Jeffreys, H. 1929 On the transport of sediments by streams. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 25, 272–276.Google Scholar
Kline, S. J., Reynolds, W. C., Schraub, F. A. & Rundstadler, P. W. 1967 The structure of turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 30, 741–773.Google Scholar
Leighton, D. & Acrivos, A. 1985 The lift on a small sphere touching a plane wall in the presence of a simple shear flow. Math. Phys. Z. Angew. 36, 174–178.Google Scholar
Lovalenti, P. M. & Brady, J. F. 1995 The temporal behaviour of the hydrodynamic force on a body in response to an abrupt change in velocity at small but finite Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 293, 35–46.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, J. B. 1989 Aerosol deposition in numerically simulated channel flow. Phys. Fluids A 1, 1211–1224.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, J. B. 1991 Inertial migration of a small sphere in linear shear flows. J. Fluid Mech. 224, 261–274.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, J. B. 1993 The lift on a small sphere in wall-bounded linear shear flows. J. Fluid Mech. 246, 249–265.Google Scholar
Mollinger, A. M. 1995 Particle Entrainment, measurement of the fluctuating lift force. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology.
Mollinger, A. M., Nieuwstadt, F. T. M. & Bessem, J. M. 1995 A new device to measure the lift on a particle in the viscous sublayer. Measurement Sci. Technol. 6, 206–213.Google Scholar
Monin, A. S. & Yaglom, A. M. 1973 Statistical Fluid Mechanics, Mechanics of Turbulence, Vol. 1. MIT Press.
Obi, S., Inoue, K., Furukawa, T. & Masuda, S. 1995 Experimental study on the statistics of wall shear stress in turbulent channel flow. Proc. 10th Symp. Turbulent Shear Flows. The Pennsylvania State University, August 14–16, pp. 5.19–5.24.
Park Scientific 1992 Instruments Technical Bulletin. Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
Phillips, M. 1980 A force balance model for particle entrainment onto a fluid stream. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 13, 221–233.Google Scholar
Radecke, H. VAN & Schulz-Dubois, E. O. 1988 Linear response of fluctuating forces to turbulent velocity components. In Applications of Laser Anemometry to Fluid Mechanics. 4th Intl. Symp., Lisbon, Portugal (ed. R. J. Adrian), pp. 23–44. Springer.
Rosenthal, G. N. & Sleath, J. F. A. 1986 Measurement of lift in oscillatory flow. J. Fluid Mech. 164, 449–467.Google Scholar
Saffman, P. G. 1965 The lift on a small sphere in a slow shear flow. J. Fluid Mech. 22, 385–400 (and Corrigendum 31, 1968, 624).Google Scholar
Schlichting, H. 1987 Boundary Layer Theory, 7th edn. McGraw-Hill.
Spalart, P. R. 1988 Direct simulation of a turbulent boundary layer up to Re = 1410. J. Fluid Mech. 187, 61–98.Google Scholar
Tennekes, H. & Lumley, J. L. 1972 A First Course in Turbulence. MIT Press.