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Laminar vortex rings impinging onto porous walls with a constant porosity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2018

Yang Xu ,
Jin-Jun Wang Open the ORCID record for Jin-Jun Wang [Opens in a new window] ,
Li-Hao Feng Open the ORCID record for Li-Hao Feng [Opens in a new window] ,
Guo-Sheng He  and
Zhong-Yi Wang
Yang Xu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, PR China
Jin-Jun Wang*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, PR China
Li-Hao Feng
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, PR China
Guo-Sheng He
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, PR China
Zhong-Yi Wang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

For the first time, an experiment has been conducted to investigate synthetic jet laminar vortex rings impinging onto porous walls with different geometries by time-resolved particle image velocimetry. The geometry of the porous wall is changed by varying the hole diameter on the wall (from 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm) when surface porosity is kept constant ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=75\,\%$). The finite-time Lyapunov exponent and phase-averaged vorticity field derived from particle image velocimetry data are presented to reveal the evolution of the vortical structures. A mechanism associated with vorticity cancellation is proposed to explain the formation of downstream transmitted vortex rings; and both the vortex ring trajectory and the time-mean flow feature are compared between different cases. It is found that the hole diameter significantly influences the evolution of the flow structures on both the upstream and downstream sides of the porous wall. In particular, for a porous wall with a small hole diameter ($d_{h}^{\ast }=0.067$, 0.10 and 0.133), the transmitted finger-type jets will reorganize into a well-formed transmitted vortex ring in the downstream flow. However, for the case of a large hole diameter of $d_{h}^{\ast }=0.20$, the transmitted vortex ring is not well formed because of insufficient vorticity cancellation. Additionally, the residual vorticity gradually evolves into discrete jet-like structures downstream, which further weaken the intensity of the transmitted vortex ring. Consequently, the transmitted flow structures for the $d_{h}^{\ast }=0.20$ case would lose coherence more easily (or probably even transition to turbulence), resulting in a faster decay of the axial velocity and stronger entrainment of the transmitted jet. For all porous wall cases, the velocity profile of the transmitted jet exhibits self-similar behaviour in the far field ($z/D_{0}\geqslant 6.03$), which agrees well with the velocity distribution of free synthetic jets. With the help of the control-volume approach, the time-mean drag of the porous wall is evaluated experimentally for the first time. It is shown that the porous wall drag increases with the decrease in the hole diameter. Moreover, for a porous wall with a small hole diameter ($d_{h}^{\ast }=0.067$, 0.10 and 0.133), it appears that the porous wall drag mainly derives from the viscous effect. However, as $d_{h}^{\ast }$ increases to 0.20, the form drag associated with the porous wall geometry becomes significant.

JFM classification

Wakes/Jets: Jets Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics Low-Reynolds-number flows: Porous media
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 837 , 25 February 2018 , pp. 729 - 764
Copyright
© 2018 Cambridge University Press 

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