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A free flexible flap in channel flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2022

Chang Xu Open the ORCID record for Chang Xu [Opens in a new window] ,
Xuechao Liu ,
Kui Liu Open the ORCID record for Kui Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
Yongfeng Xiong  and
Haibo Huang Open the ORCID record for Haibo Huang [Opens in a new window]
Chang Xu
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
Xuechao Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
Kui Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
Yongfeng Xiong
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
Haibo Huang*
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Fine fibre immersed in different flows is ubiquitous. For a fibre in shear flows, most motion modes appear in the flow-gradient plane. Here the two-dimensional behaviours of an individual flexible flap in channel flows are studied. The nonlinear coupling of the fluid inertia ($\textit {Re}$), flexibility of the flap ($K$) and channel width ($W$) is discovered. Inside a wide channel (e.g. $W=4$), as $K$ decreases, the flap adopts rigid motion, springy motion, snake turn and complex mode in sequence. It is found that the fluid inertia tends to straighten the flap. Moreover, $\textit {Re}$ significantly affects the lateral equilibrium location $y_{eq}$, therefore affecting the local shear rate and the tumbling period $T$. For a rigid flap in a wide channel, when $\textit {Re}$ exceeds a threshold, the flap stays inclined instead of tumbling. As $\textit {Re}$ further increases, the flap adopts swinging mode. In addition, there is a scaling law between $T$ and $\textit {Re}$. For the effect of $K$, through the analysis of the torque generated by surrounding fluid, we found that a smaller $K$ slows down the tumbling of the flap even if $y_{eq}$ is comparable. As $W$ decreases, the wall confinement effect makes the flap easier to deform and closer to the centreline. The tumbling period would increase and the swinging mode would be more common. When $W$ further decreases, the flaps are constrained to stay inclined, parabolic-like or one-end bending configurations moving along with the flow. Our study may shed some light on the behaviours of a free fibre in flows.

JFM classification

Aerodynamics: Flow-structure interactions
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 941 , 25 June 2022 , A12
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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