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Effects of Rayleigh and Weber numbers on two-layer turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 October 2024

Andreas D. Demou Open the ORCID record for Andreas D. Demou [Opens in a new window] ,
Nicolò Scapin Open the ORCID record for Nicolò Scapin [Opens in a new window] ,
Marco Crialesi-Esposito Open the ORCID record for Marco Crialesi-Esposito [Opens in a new window] ,
Pedro Costa Open the ORCID record for Pedro Costa [Opens in a new window] ,
Filippo Spiga Open the ORCID record for Filippo Spiga [Opens in a new window]  and
Luca Brandt Open the ORCID record for Luca Brandt [Opens in a new window]
Andreas D. Demou*
Affiliation:
Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
Nicolò Scapin
Affiliation:
FLOW, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
Marco Crialesi-Esposito
Affiliation:
DIEF, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
Pedro Costa
Affiliation:
Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Iceland, Hjarcarhagi 6, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland Department of Process & Energy, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
Filippo Spiga
Affiliation:
NVIDIA Ltd, Cambridge CB24 6WZ, UK
Luca Brandt
Affiliation:
FLOW, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Department of Environmental, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

This study presents direct numerical simulation results of two-layer Rayleigh–Bénard convection, investigating the previously unexplored Rayleigh–Weber parameter space $10^6\leq Ra\leq 10^8$ and $10^2\leq We\leq 10^3$. Global properties, such as the Nusselt and Reynolds numbers, are compared against the extended Grossmann–Lohse theory for two fluid layers, confirming a weak Weber number dependence for all global quantities and considerably larger Reynolds numbers in the lighter fluid. Statistics of the flow reveal that the interface fluctuates more intensely for larger Weber and smaller Rayleigh numbers, something also reflected in the increased temperature root mean square values next to the interface. The dynamics of the deformed two-fluid interface is further investigated using spectral analysis. Temporal and spatial spectrum distributions reveal a capillary wave range at small Weber and large Rayleigh numbers, and a secondary energy peak at smaller Rayleigh numbers. Furthermore, the maxima of the space–time spectra lie in an intermediate dispersion regime, between the theoretical predictions for capillary and gravity-capillary waves, showing that the gravitational energy of the interfacial waves is strongly altered by temperature gradients.

JFM classification

Convection: Plumes/thermals Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase flow
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 996 , 10 October 2024 , A23
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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