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Dynamic large-eddy simulation of hypersonic transition delay over broadband wall impedance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

Victor C.B. Sousa Open the ORCID record for Victor C.B. Sousa [Opens in a new window] ,
Viola Wartemann Open the ORCID record for Viola Wartemann [Opens in a new window] ,
Alexander Wagner Open the ORCID record for Alexander Wagner [Opens in a new window]  and
Carlo Scalo Open the ORCID record for Carlo Scalo [Opens in a new window]
Victor C.B. Sousa*
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Viola Wartemann
Affiliation:
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute for Aerodynamics and Flow Technology, Braunschweig 38108, Germany
Alexander Wagner
Affiliation:
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute for Aerodynamics and Flow Technology, Göttingen 37073, Germany
Carlo Scalo
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA School of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Three-dimensional numerical simulations of hypersonic boundary layer transition delay due to porosity representative of carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon-matrix ceramics (C/C) were carried out on a 7$^{\circ {}}$ half-angle cone for unit Reynolds numbers $Re_m=2.43 \times 10^6$–$6.40\times 10^6\ \text {m}^{-1}$, at the free-stream Mach number $M_\infty =7.4$, for both sharp and 2.5 mm nose tip radii. A broadband time-domain impedance boundary condition was used to model the acoustic effects of the porous surface on the flow field. A quasi-spectral sub-filter-scale dynamic closure was adopted to stabilize the computations upon turbulent breakdown under extreme cooling conditions, with wall-to-adiabatic temperature ratio of $T_{w}/ T_{ad} \simeq 0.08 $, while accurately recovering the growth rates of the unstable modes present in the early transition stages. Good agreement is observed with the reference experimental data, both in terms of the predicted extent of the transition delay and the measured second-mode frequency spectrum. The latter is strongly modulated by the formation of near-wall low-temperature three-dimensional streaks. Pressure disturbances concentrate in corridors of locally thickened boundary layer, with frequencies lower than what predicted by linear theory. Here, trapped wavetrains are formed, which can persist long into the turbulent region. Finally, it is shown that the presence of a porous wall simply shifts the onset of turbulence downstream, without affecting its structure.

JFM classification

Compressible Flows: Compressible boundary layers Compressible Flows: Hypersonic Flow Instability: Transition to turbulence
Type
JFM Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 999 , 25 November 2024 , A41
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© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Supplementary material: File

Sousa et al. supplementary movie

Instantaneous Q-criterion isosurfaces colored by temperature as well as a numerical Schlieren plane for a 2.5 mm blunt-nosed cone at Rem = 4.06 · 106 m-1 over impermeable and porous surfaces.
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