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Drag reduction by a flexible hairy coating

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2022

Qian Mao ,
Jiazhen Zhao ,
Yingzheng Liu Open the ORCID record for Yingzheng Liu [Opens in a new window]  and
Hyung Jin Sung Open the ORCID record for Hyung Jin Sung [Opens in a new window]
Qian Mao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Power Machinery and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
Jiazhen Zhao
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
Yingzheng Liu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Power Machinery and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
Hyung Jin Sung*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction by a flexible hairy coating was explored using the penalty immersed boundary method. A two-dimensional flexible hairy coating is constituted by multiple flexible filaments. A simulation of a cylinder without a hairy coating at a Reynolds number of 100 was also performed for comparison. The results of the simulations show good agreement with the experimental data by Niu & Hu (Phys. Fluids, vol. 23, 2011, 101701), where maximum drag reduction of 22% was attained at a particular length, bending rigidity, coating density and coating angle of the hairy coating. The hydrodynamic mechanism of drag reduction was characterized in terms of the wake pattern, shape deformation and kinetic energy of the hairy coating. The effect of a non-uniform bending rigidity of the hairy coating on drag reduction was explored. A stable streamline shape of the hairy coating was found to delay the vortex formation and stabilize the recirculation zone, resulting in decreased form drag. Active flapping of the hairy coating with enhanced vortex shedding is adverse to drag reduction. A hairy coating with a stiff base and flexible trailing edge is beneficial to maintaining a stable shape.

JFM classification

Flow Control: Drag reduction
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 946 , 10 September 2022 , A5
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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