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Characterization of superhydrophobic surfaces for drag reduction in turbulent flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2018

James W. Gose Open the ORCID record for James W. Gose [Opens in a new window] ,
Kevin Golovin Open the ORCID record for Kevin Golovin [Opens in a new window] ,
Mathew Boban ,
Joseph M. Mabry ,
Anish Tuteja ,
Marc Perlin  and
Steven L. Ceccio
James W. Gose*
Affiliation:
Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Kevin Golovin
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Mathew Boban
Affiliation:
Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Joseph M. Mabry
Affiliation:
Rocket Propulsion Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards Air Force Base, CA 93524, USA
Anish Tuteja
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Marc Perlin
Affiliation:
Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Steven L. Ceccio
Affiliation:
Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

A significant amount of the fuel consumed by marine vehicles is expended to overcome skin-friction drag resulting from turbulent boundary layer flows. Hence, a substantial reduction in this frictional drag would notably reduce cost and environmental impact. Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs), which entrap a layer of air underwater, have shown promise in reducing drag in small-scale applications and/or in laminar flow conditions. Recently, the efficacy of these surfaces in reducing drag resulting from turbulent flows has been shown. In this work we examine four different, mechanically durable, large-scale SHSs. When evaluated in fully developed turbulent flow, in the height-based Reynolds number range of 10 000 to 30 000, significant drag reduction was observed on some of the surfaces, dependent on their exact morphology. We then discuss how neither the roughness of the SHSs, nor the conventional contact angle goniometry method of evaluating the non-wettability of SHSs at ambient pressure, can predict their drag reduction under turbulent flow conditions. Instead, we propose a new characterization parameter, based on the contact angle hysteresis at higher pressure, which aids in the rational design of randomly rough, friction-reducing SHSs. Overall, we find that both the contact angle hysteresis at higher pressure, and the non-dimensionalized surface roughness, must be minimized to achieve meaningful turbulent drag reduction. Further, we show that even SHSs that are considered hydrodynamically smooth can cause significant drag increase if these two parameters are not sufficiently minimized.

JFM classification

Flow Control: Drag reduction Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers Turbulent Flows: Turbulent Flows
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 845 , 25 June 2018 , pp. 560 - 580
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2018. This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. 

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