Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T21:52:27.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Why Do Firms Form New Banking Relationships?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 June 2011

Radhakrishnan Gopalan
Affiliation:
Olin Business School, Washington University, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO 63130, [email protected]
Gregory F. Udell
Affiliation:
Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, 1309 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, [email protected]
Vijay Yerramilli
Affiliation:
Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX 77204, [email protected]

Abstract

Using a large loan sample from 1990 to 2006, we examine why firms form new banking relationships. Small public firms that do not have existing relationships with large banks are more likely to form new banking relationships. On average, firms obtain higher loan amounts when they form new banking relationships, while small firms also experience an increase in sales growth, capital expenditure, leverage, analyst coverage, and public debt issuance subsequently. Our findings suggest that firms form new banking relationships to expand their access to credit and capital market services, and highlight an important cost of exclusive banking relationships.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Almeida, H.; Campello, M.; and Weisbach, M. S.. “The Cash Flow Sensitivity of Cash.” Journal of Finance, 59 (2004), 17771804.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, A. N.; Miller, N. H.; Petersen, M. A.; Rajan, R. G.; and Stein, J. C.. “Does Function Follow Organizational Form? Evidence from the Lending Practices of Large and Small Banks.” Journal of Financial Economics, 76 (2005), 237269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, A. N., and Udell, G. F.. “Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in Small Business Finance.” Journal of Business, 68 (1995), 351381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlin, M., and Mester, L. J.. “On the Profitability and Cost of Relationship Lending.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 22 (1998), 873897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bharath, S.; Dahiya, S.; Saunders, A.; and Srinivasan, A.. “Lending Relationships and Loan Contract Terms.” Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 11411203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bharath, S. T., and Shumway, T.. “Forecasting Default with the Merton Distance to Default Model.” Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2008), 13391369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billett, M. T.; Flannery, M. J.; and Garfinkel, J. A.. “The Effect of Lender Identity on a Borrowing Firm’s Equity Return.” Journal of Finance, 50 (1995), 699718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boot, A. W. A., and Thakor, A. V.. “Can Relationship Banking Survive Competition?Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 679713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, J. H., and Prescott, E. C.. “Financial Intermediary-Coalitions.” Journal of Economic Theory, 38 (1986), 211232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, M., and Hrycray, M.. “Credit Flow, Risk, and the Role of Private Debt in Capital Structure.” Working Paper, Federal Reserve Board (1999).Google Scholar
Charumilind, C.; Kali, R.; and Wiwattanakantang, Y.. “Connected Lending: Thailand Before the Financial Crisis.” Journal of Business, 79 (2006), 181217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chava, S., and Roberts, M. R.. “How Does Financing Impact Investment? The Role of Debt Covenants.” Journal of Finance, 63 (2008), 20852121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, R. A. “The Importance of Relationships to the Availability of Credit.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 22 (1998), 959977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, D. W. “Financial Intermediation and Delegated Monitoring.” Review of Economic Studies, 51 (1984), 393414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drucker, S., and Puri, M.. “On the Benefits of Concurrent Lending and Underwriting.” Journal of Finance, 60 (2005), 27632799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elsas, R., and Krahnen, J.. “Is Relationship Lending Special? Evidence from Credit-File Data in Germany.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 22 (1998), 12831316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fang, L. H. “Investment Bank Reputation and the Price and Quality of Underwriting Services.” Journal of Finance, 60 (2005), 27292761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farinha, L. A., and Santos, J. A. C.. “Switching from Single to Multiple Bank Lending Relationships: Determinants and Implications.” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 11 (2002), 124151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gande, A.; Puri, M.; and Saunders, A.. “Bank Entry, Competition, and the Market for Corporate Securities Underwriting.” Journal of Financial Economics, 54 (1999), 165195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hadlock, C. J., and James, C. M.. “Do Banks Provide Financial Slack?Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 13831419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harhoff, D., and Körting, T.. “Lending Relationships in Germany: Empirical Evidence from Survey Data.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 22 (1998), 13171353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoshi, T.; Kashyap, A.; and Scharfstein, D.. “The Role of Banks in Reducing the Costs of Financial Distress in Japan.” Journal of Financial Economics, 27 (1990), 6788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houston, J., and James, C.. “Bank Information Monopolies and the Mix of Private and Public Debt Claims.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 18631889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ioannidou, V., and Ongena, S.. “ ‘Time for a Change’: Loan Conditions and Bank Behavior when Firms Switch Banks.” Journal of Finance, 65 (2010), 18471877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, C.Some Evidence on the Uniqueness of Bank Loans.” Journal of Financial Economics, 19 (1987), 217235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
La Porta, R.; Lopez-de-Silanes, F.; and Zamarripa, G.. “Related Lending.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118 (2003), 231268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, K., and Prabhala, N. R.. “Self-Selection Models in Corporate Finance.” In Handbook of Corporate Finance: Empirical Corporate Finance, Vol. 1, Eckbo, B. E., ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science BV (2007).Google Scholar
Lummer, S. L., and McConnell, J. J.. “Further Evidence on the Bank Lending Process and the Capital Market Response to Bank Loan Agreements.” Journal of Financial Economics, 25 (1989), 99122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ongena, S., and Smith, D. C.. “What Determines the Number of Bank Relationships: Cross-Country Evidence.” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 9 (2000), 2656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ongena, S., and Smith, D. C.. “The Duration of Bank Relationships.” Journal of Financial Economics, 61 (2001), 449475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, S.; Shin, B.; and Udell, G.. “Lending Relationships, Credit Availability and Banking Crises.” Working Paper, Indiana University (2006).Google Scholar
Petersen, M. A., and Rajan, R. G.. “The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data.” Journal of Finance, 49 (1994), 337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puri, M.Commercial Banks in Investment Banking: Conflict of Interest or Certification Role?Journal of Financial Economics, 40 (1996), 373401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rajan, R. G. “Insiders and Outsiders: The Choice between Informed and Arm’s-Length Debt.” Journal of Finance, 47 (1992), 13671400.Google Scholar
Ramakrishnan, R. T. S., and Thakor, A. V.. “Information Reliability and a Theory of Financial Intermediation.” Review of Economic Studies, 51 (1984), 415432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, M. R., and Sufi, A.. “Renegotiation of Financial Contracts: Evidence from Private Credit Agreements.” Journal of Financial Economics, 93 (2009), 159184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, J. A. C., and Winton, A.. “Bank Loans, Bonds, and Information Monopolies across the Business Cycle.” Journal of Finance, 63 (2008), 13151359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schenone, C.The Effect of Banking Relationships on the Firm’s IPO Underpricing.” Journal of Finance, 59 (2004), 29032958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharpe, S. A. “Asymmetric Information, Bank Lending, and Implicit Contracts: A Stylized Model of Customer Relationships.” Journal of Finance, 45 (1990), 10691087.Google Scholar
Shockley, R., and Thakor, A.. “Information Content of Commitments to Lend in the Future: Theory and Evidence on the Gains from Relationship Banking.” Working Paper, Indiana University (1992).Google Scholar
Stein, J. C. “Information Production and Capital Allocation: Decentralized versus Hierarchical Firms.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 18911921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sufi, A.Information Asymmetry and Financing Arrangements: Evidence from Syndicated Loans.” Journal of Finance, 62 (2007), 629668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wooldridge, J. M. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (2002).Google Scholar
Yasuda, A.Do Bank Relationships Affect the Firm’s Underwriter Choice in the Corporate-Bond Underwriting Market?Journal of Finance, 60 (2005), 12591292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar