Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T18:43:18.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Organizational Form and Corporate Payout Policy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 March 2018

Abstract

We examine how organizational form affects corporate payouts. Conglomerates pay out more than pure plays in both cash dividends and total payouts (cash dividends plus share repurchases). Furthermore, their payouts are more sensitive to cash flows compared to pure-play firms. The sensitivity of payouts to cash flow increases as the cross-segment correlation in a conglomerate decreases. Corporate payouts increase after mergers and acquisitions (M&As), especially among M&As in which acquirers and targets are less correlated. These results suggest that the coinsurance among different divisions of a conglomerate allows them to pay out more cash flow to their shareholders than pure-play firms.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

We thank an anonymous referee, Tom Chemmanur, Ran Duchin, Jarrad Harford (the editor), Roni Michaely, Amit Seru, Jie Yang, participants at the 2013 Financial Management Association meetings in Chicago, and seminar participants at State University of New York Oneonta and University of Nevada–Reno for their helpful suggestions and comments. All errors and omissions are our own.

References

Almeida, H.; Campello, M.; and Weisbach, M.. “Cash Flow Sensitivity of Cash.” Journal of Finance, 59 (2004), 17771804.Google Scholar
Asquith, P., and Kim, H.. “The Impact of Merger Bids on the Participating Firms Security Holders.” Journal of Finance, 37 (1982), 12091228.Google Scholar
Berger, P. G., and Ofek, E.. “Diversification’s Effect on Firm Value.” Journal of Financial Economics, 37 (1995), 3965.Google Scholar
Billett, M.; King, T.; and Mauer, D.. “Bondholder Wealth Effects in Mergers and Acquisitions: New Evidence from the 1980s and 1990s.” Journal of Finance, 59 (2004), 107135.Google Scholar
Bonaime, A. A.; Hankins, K. W.; and Harford, J.. “Financial Flexibility, Risk Management, and Payout Choice.” Review of Financial Studies, 27 (2014), 10741101.Google Scholar
Campa, J., and Kedia, S.. “Explaining the Diversification Discount.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 17311762.Google Scholar
Chetty, R., and Saez, E.. “Dividend Taxes and Corporate Behavior: Evidence from the 2003 Dividend Tax Cut.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120 (2005), 791833.Google Scholar
Chevalier, J.What Do We Know about Cross-Subsidization? Evidence from Merging Firms.” Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, 4 (2004), Issue 1, Article 3.Google Scholar
Coase, R.The Nature of the Firm.” Economica, 4 (1937), 386405.Google Scholar
DeAngelo, H.; DeAngelo, L.; and Skinner, R.. “Corporate Payout Policy.” Foundations and Trends in Finance, 3 (2008), 95287.Google Scholar
DeAngelo, H.; DeAngelo, L.; and Stulz, R.. “Dividend Policy and the Earned/Contributed Capital Mix: A Test of the Life Cycle Theory.” Journal of Financial Economics, 81 (2006), 227254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denis, D.; Denis, D.; and Sarin, A.. “Agency Problems, Equity Ownership and Corporate Diversification.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 135160.Google Scholar
Desai, M. A., and Jin, L.. “Institutional Tax Clienteles and Payout Policy.” Journal of Financial Economics, 100 (2011), 6884.Google Scholar
Duchin, R.Cash Holdings and Corporate Diversification.” Journal of Finance, 65 (2010), 955992.Google Scholar
Eger, C.An Empirical Test of the Redistribution Effect in Pure Exchange Mergers.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 18 (1983), 547572.Google Scholar
Fama, E., and French, K.. “Disappearing Dividends: Changing Firm Characteristics or Lower Propensity to Pay?Journal of Financial Economics, 60 (2001), 343.Google Scholar
Galai, D., and Masulis, R.. “The Option Pricing Model and the Risk Factor of Stock.” Journal of Financial Economics, 3 (1976), 5381.Google Scholar
Gompers, P.; Ishii, J.; and Metrick, A.. “Extreme Governance: An Analysis of Dual Class Firms in the United States.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 10511088.Google Scholar
Gopalan, R.; Nanda, V.; and Seru, A.. “Internal Capital Market and Dividend Policies: Evidence from Business Groups.” Review of Financial Studies, 27 (2014), 11021142.Google Scholar
Gopalan, R., and Xie, K.. “Conglomerates and Industry Distress.” Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 36423687.Google Scholar
Graham, J.; Lemmon, M.; and Wolf, J.. “Does Corporate Diversification Destroy Value?Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 695720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guedj, I., and Scharfstein, D.. “Organizational Scope and Investment: Evidence from the Drug Development.” Working Paper 10933, National Bureau of Economic Research (2004).Google Scholar
Hann, R.; Ogneva, M.; and Ozbas, O.. “Corporate Diversification and the Cost of Capital.” Journal of Finance, 68 (2013), 19611999.Google Scholar
Harford, J.; Klasa, S.; and Walcott, N.. “Do Firms Have Leverage Targets? Evidence from Acquisitions.” Journal of Financial Economics, 93 (2009), 114.Google Scholar
Heckman, J.Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error.” Econometrica, 47 (1979), 153161.Google Scholar
Higgins, R., and Schall, L.. “Corporate Bankruptcy and Conglomerate Merger.” Journal of Finance, 30 (1975), 93113.Google Scholar
John, K.; Knyazeva, A.; and Knyazeva, D.. “Does Geography Matter? Firm Location and Corporate Payout Policy.” Journal of Financial Economics, 101 (2011), 533551.Google Scholar
Jordan, B.; Liu, M.; and Wu, Q.. “Corporate Payout Policy in Dual Class Firms.” Journal of Corporate Finance, 26 (2014), 119.Google Scholar
Kim, E., and McConnell, J.. “Corporate Mergers and the Coinsurance of Corporate Debt.” Journal of Finance, 32 (1977), 349365.Google Scholar
Lamont, O.Cash Flow and Investment: Evidence from Internal Capital Markets.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 83109.Google Scholar
Lang, L. H. P., and Stulz, R. M.. “Tobin’s q, Corporate Diversification, and Firm Performance.” Journal of Political Economy, 102 (1994), 12481280.Google Scholar
Leland, H.Financial Synergies and the Optimal Scope of the Firm: Implications for Mergers, Spinoffs, and Structured Finance.” Journal of Finance, 62 (2007), 765807.Google Scholar
Lewellen, W.A Pure Financial Rationale for the Conglomerate Merger.” Journal of Finance, 21 (1971), 521537.Google Scholar
Lichtenberg, F. R.The Managerial Response to Regulation of Financial Reporting for Segments of a Business Enterprise.” Journal of Regulatory Economics, 3 (1991), 241249.Google Scholar
Maquieira, C.; Megginson, W.; and Nail, L.. “Wealth Creation versus Wealth Redistributions in Pure Stock for Stock Mergers.” Journal of Financial Economics, 48 (1998), 333.Google Scholar
Mathews, R., and Robinson, D.. “Market Structure, Internal Capital Markets, and the Boundaries of the Firm.” Journal of Finance, 63 (2008), 27032736.Google Scholar
Matsusaka, J., and Nanda, V.. “Internal Capital Markets and Corporate Refocusing.” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 11 (2002), 176211.Google Scholar
Myers, S., and Majluf, N.. “Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information that Investors Do Not Have.” Journal of Financial Economics, 13 (1984), 187221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newey, W. K., and West, K. D.. “A Simple, Positive Semi-definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix.” Econometrica, 55 (1987), 703708.Google Scholar
Rajan, R.; Servaes, H.; and Zingales, L.. “The Cost of Diversity: The Diversification Discount and Inefficient Investment.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 3580.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, M.A Mean Variance Synthesis of Corporate Financial Theory.” Journal of Finance, 28 (1973), 167181.Google Scholar
Scharfstein, D., and Stein, J.. “The Dark Side of Internal Capital Markets: Divisional Rent Seeking and Inefficient Investment.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 25372564.Google Scholar
Seru, A.Firm Boundaries Matter: Evidence from Conglomerates and R&D Activity.” Journal of Financial Economics, 111 (2014), 381405.Google Scholar
Servaes, H.The Value of Diversification during the Conglomerate Merger Wave.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 12011225.Google Scholar
Shin, H., and Stulz, R.. “Are Internal Capital Markets Efficient?Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113 (1998), 531553.Google Scholar
Stein, J.Internal Capital Markets and the Competition for Corporate Resources.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 111133.Google Scholar
Villalonga, B.Does Diversification Cause the ‘Diversification Discount’?Financial Management, 33 (2004), 523.Google Scholar