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The Impact of Industry Classifications on Financial Research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Kathleen M. Kahle  and
Ralph A. Walkling
Kathleen M. Kahle
Affiliation:
Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
Ralph A. Walkling
Affiliation:
College of Business, Ohio State University, 1775 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210.
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Abstract

Using approximately 10,000 firms jointly covered by Compustat and CRSP from 1974–1993, we find substantial differences in the SIC codes designated by the two databases. More than 36 percent of the classifications disagree at the two-digit level and nearly 80 percent disagree at the four-digit level. We examine the impact of these differences upon financial research in several ways. First, we show that the classification of utilities, financial firms, and conglomerate acquisitions are affected by the choice of CRSP vs. Compustat SIC codes. Second, we show that industry classification matters in financial research by illustrating that size- and industry-matched comparisons are more powerful than pure size matches. Third, we test the specification and power of Compustat vs. CRSP classifications by simulating a typical financial experiment in which sample firms are matched to control firms by industry. We find that: i) Compustat matched samples are more powerful than CRSP matched samples in detecting abnormal performance; ii) nonparametric tests outperform parametric tests; and iii) four-digit SIC code matches are more powerful than two-digit SIC code matches. These results are robust to the inclusion or exclusion of extreme values, and hold for both NYSE/AMEX and Nasdaq firms.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis , Volume 31 , Issue 3 , September 1996 , pp. 309 - 335
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 1996

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