Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T17:21:18.244Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Heterogeneous Beliefs and Momentum Profits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2009

Michela Verardo*
Affiliation:
London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK. [email protected]

Abstract

Recent theoretical models derive return continuation in a setting where investors have heterogeneous beliefs or receive heterogeneous information. This paper tests the link between heterogeneity of beliefs and return continuation in the cross-section of U.S. stock returns. Heterogeneity of beliefs about a firm’s fundamentals is measured by the dispersion in analyst forecasts of earnings. The results show that momentum profits are significantly larger for portfolios characterized by higher heterogeneity of beliefs. Predictive cross-sectional regressions show that heterogeneity of beliefs has a positive effect on return continuation after controlling for a stock’s visibility, the speed of information diffusion, uncertainty about fundamentals, information precision, and volatility. The results in this paper are robust to the potential presence of short-sale constraints and are not explained by arbitrage risk.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ajinkya, B. B., and Gift, M. J.. “Dispersion of Financial Analysts’ Earnings Forecasts and the (Option Model) Implied Standard Deviations of Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 40 (1985), 13531365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali, A.; Hwang, L.; and Trombley, M. A.. “Arbitrage Risk and the Book-to-Market Anomaly.” Journal of Financial Economics, 69 (2003), 355373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, F.; Morris, S.; and Shin, H. S.. “Beauty Contests and Iterated Expectations in Asset Markets.” Review of Financial Studies, 19 (2006), 719752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asness, C. S.The Interaction of Value and Momentum Strategies.” Financial Analysts Journal, 53 (1997), 2936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, S.; Kaniel, R.; and Kremer, I.. “Price Drift as an Outcome of Differences in Higher-Order Beliefs.” Review of Financial Studies, forthcoming (2009).Google Scholar
Barberis, N.; Shleifer, A.; and Vishny, R.. “A Model of Investor Sentiment.” Journal of Financial Economics, 49 (1998), 307343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brennan, M. J.; Chordia, T.; and Subrahmanyam, A.. “Alternative Factor Specifications, Security Characteristics, and the Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 49 (1998), 345373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brennan, M. J.; Jegadeesh, N.; and Swaminathan, B.. “Investment Analysis and the Adjustment of Stock Prices to Common Information.” Review of Financial Studies, 6 (1993), 799824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, S. W.Stock Price Reaction to News and No-News: Drift and Reversal after Headlines.” Journal of Financial Economics, 70 (2003), 223260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J.; Hong, H.; and Stein, J. C.Breadth of Ownership and Stock Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 66 (2002), 171205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, D. W., and Kothari, S. P.. “An Analysis of Intertemporal and Cross-Sectional Determinants of Earnings Response Coefficients.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 11 (1989), 143181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel, K.; Hirshleifer, D.; and Subrahmanyam, A.. “Investor Psychology and Security Market Under- and Overreactions.” Journal of Finance, 53 (1998), 18391885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Avolio, G.The Market for Borrowing Stock.” Journal of Financial Economics, 66 (2002), 271306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diether, K. B.; Malloy, C. J.; and Scherbina, A.. “Differences of Opinion and the Cross Section of Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 21132141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E., and French, K. R.. “Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds.” Journal of Financial Economics, 33 (1993), 356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E., and MacBeth, J.. “Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests.” Journal of Political Economy, 81 (1973), 607636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, K. R.; Schwert, G. W.; and Stambaugh, R. F.. “Expected Stock Returns and Volatility.” Journal of Financial Economics, 19 (1987), 329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geczy, C. C.; Musto, D. K.; and Reed, A. V.. “Stocks are Special Too: An Analysis of the Equity Lending Market.” Journal of Financial Economics, 66 (2002) 241269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, H.; Lim, T.; and Stein, J. C.. “Bad News Travels Slowly: Size, Analyst Coverage, and the Profitability of Momentum Strategies.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 265295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, H., and Stein, J. C.. “A Unified Theory of Underreaction, Momentum Trading and Overreaction in Asset Markets.” Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), 21432184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, H., and Stein, J. C.. “Disagreement and the Stock Market.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21 (2007), 109128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hou, K., and Moskowitz, T. J.. “Market Frictions, Price Delay, and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns.” Review of Financial Studies, 18 (2005), 9811020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jegadeesh, N., and Titman, S.. “Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency.” Journal of Finance, 48 (1993), 6591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jegadeesh, N., and Titman, S.. “Profitability of Momentum Strategies: An Evaluation of Alternative Explanations.” Journal of Finance, 56 (2001), 699720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, T. C.Rational Momentum Effects.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 585608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, C. M. C., and Swaminathan, B.. “Price Momentum and Trading Volume.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 20172069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewellen, J., and Shanken, J.. “Learning, Asset-Pricing Tests, and Market Efficiency.” Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 11131145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makarov, I., and Rytchkov, O.. “Forecasting the Forecasts of Others: Implications for Asset Pricing.” Working Paper, London Business School and University of Texas at Austin (2009).Google Scholar
Miller, E. M.Risk, Uncertainty, and Divergence of Opinion.” Journal of Finance, 32 (1977), 11511168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newey, W. K., and West, K. D.. “A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix.” Econometrica, 55 (1987), 703708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, A., and Vishny, R.. “The Limits of Arbitrage.” Journal of Finance, 52 (1997), 3555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verardo, M. “Heterogeneous Beliefs and Momentum Profits.” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Rochester (2004), chaps. 1–2.Google Scholar
Zhang, X. F.Information Uncertainty and Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 61 (2006), 105137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar