Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-04T09:58:13.381Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Board Governance and Investment Sensitivity to Stock Price: International Evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2022

Hamdi Driss*
Affiliation:
Saint Mary’s University Sobey School of Business
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This article examines the effect of board governance on investment efficiency. I use the staggered enactment of board reforms in 41 countries as a shock to board structure that exogenously improves the quality of board oversight of managers. I find that investment-Q sensitivity improves by roughly half post-reform. This effect is more pronounced for firms that are more exposed to the reforms or when external governance mechanisms are less likely to discipline managers. These findings suggest that increased board oversight strengthens managers’ incentives to make investment decisions that are more in line with their firms’ growth opportunities.

Type
Research Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington

Footnotes

I am grateful for the comments from Kee-Hong Bae, Sadok El Ghoul, Omrane Guedhami, Paul Malatesta (the editor), Nadia Massoud, and Ronald Masulis (the referee). Any errors are my own. I appreciate the generous financial support from the Sobey School of Business and Canada’s Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (grant number 430-2019-00512).

References

Adams, R. B., and Ferreira, D.. “A Theory of Friendly Boards.” Journal of Finance, 62 (2007), 217250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, R. B.; Hermalin, B. E.; and Weisbach, M. S.. “The Role of Boards of Directors in Corporate Governance: A Conceptual Framework and Survey.” Journal of Economic Literature, 48 (2010), 58107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alti, A.How Sensitive Is Investment to Cash Flow When Financing Is Frictionless?Journal of Finance, 58 (2003), 707722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amihud, Y., and Lev, B.. “Risk Reduction as a Managerial Motive for Conglomerate Mergers.” Bell Journal of Economics, 12 (1981), 605617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asker, J.; Farre-Mensa, J.; and Ljungqvist, A.. “Corporate Investment and Stock Market Listing: A Puzzle?Review of Financial Studies, 28 (2015), 342390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bae, K. H.; El Ghoul, S.; Guedhami, O.; and Zheng, X.. “Board Reforms and Dividend Policy: International Evidence.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 56 (2021), 12961320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, M.; Stein, J. C.; and Wurgler, J.. “When Does the Market Matter? Stock Prices and the Investment of Equity-Dependent Firms.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118 (2003), 9691005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baysinger, B. D., and Butler, H. N.. “Corporate Governance and the Board of Directors: Performance Effects of Changes in Board Composition.” Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 1 (1985), 101124.Google Scholar
Bhagat, S., and Black, B. S.. “The Non-Correlation Between Board Independence and Long-Term Firm Performance.” Journal of Corporation Law, 27 (2002), 231273.Google Scholar
Byrd, J. W., and Hickman, K. A.. “Do Outside Directors Monitor Managers? Evidence from Tender Offer Bids.” Journal of Financial Economics, 32 (1992), 195221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, H. J., and Chen, S. J.. “Investment–Cash Flow Sensitivity Cannot Be a Good Measure of Financial Constraints: Evidence from the Time Series.” Journal of Financial Economics, 103 (2012), 393410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Q.; Goldstein, I.; and Jiang, W.. “Price Informativeness and Investment Sensitivity to Stock Price.” Review of Financial Studies, 20 (2007), 619650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Y.; Goyal, A.; and Zolotoy, L.. “Global Board Reforms and the Pricing of IPOs.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 57 (2022), 24122443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, R. R.; Guedhami, O.; Yang, Y.; and Zaynutdinova, G. R.. “Corporate Governance and Cash Holdings: Evidence from Worldwide Board Reforms.” Journal of Corporate Finance, 65 (2020), 101771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, X.; Harford, J.; and Li, K.. “Monitoring: Which Institutions Matter?Journal of Financial Economics, 86 (2007), 279305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claessens, S.; Djankov, S.; and Lang, L. H. P.. “The Separation of Ownership and Control in East Asian Corporations.” Journal of Financial Economics, 58 (2000), 81112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotter, J. F.; Shivdasani, A.; and Zenner, M.. “Do Independent Directors Enhance Target Shareholder Wealth During Tender Offers?Journal of Financial Economics, 43 (1997), 195218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Driss, H.; El Ghoul, S.; Guedhami, O.; and Wald, J. K.. “Governance and Leverage: International Evidence.” Financial Review, forthcoming (2023).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durnev, A. “The Real Effects of Political Uncertainty: Elections and Investment Sensitivity to Stock Prices.” Working Paper, McGill University (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edmans, A.; Jayaraman, S.; and Schneemeier, J.. “The Source of Information in Prices and Investment-Price Sensitivity.” Journal of Financial Economics, 126 (2017), 7496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, J.; Guo, L.; and Mobbs, S.. “How Does Forced-CEO-Turnover Experience Affect Directors?Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 56 (2021), 11631191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faccio, M., and Lang, L. H. P.. “The Ultimate Ownership of Western European Corporations.” Journal of Financial Economics, 65 (2002), 365395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falato, A.; Kadyrzhanova, D.; and Lel, U.. “Distracted Directors: Does Board Busyness Hurt Shareholder Value?Journal of Financial Economics, 113 (2014), 404426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., and Jensen, M. C.. “Separation of Ownership and Control.” Journal of Law and Economics, 26 (1983), 301325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fauver, L.; Hung, M.; Li, X.; and Taboada, A. G.. “Board Reforms and Firm Value: Worldwide Evidence.” Journal of Financial Economics, 125 (2017), 120142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fazzari, S. M.; Hubbard, R. G.; and Petersen, B. C.. “Financing Constraints and Corporate Investment.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1 (1988), 141195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fazzari, S. M.; Hubbard, R. G.; and Petersen, B. C.. “Investment-Cash flow Sensitivities Are Useful: A Comment on Kaplan-Zingales.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115 (2000), 695705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernandes, N., and Ferreira, M. A.. “Insider Trading Laws and Stock Price Informativeness.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 18451887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, T., and Frésard, L.. “Cross-Listing, Investment Sensitivity to Stock Price, and the Learning Hypothesis.” Review of Financial Studies, 25 (2012), 33053350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaspar, J. M.; Massa, M.; and Matos, P.. “Shareholder Investment Horizons and the Market for Corporate Control.” Journal of Financial Economics, 76 (2005), 135165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giroud, X., and Mueller, H. M.. “Does Corporate Governance Matter in Competitive Industries?Journal of Financial Economics, 95 (2010), 312331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giroud, X., and Mueller, H. M.. “Corporate Governance, Product Market Competition, and Equity Prices.” Journal of Finance, 66 (2011), 563600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomes, J. F.Financing Investment.” American Economic Review, 91 (2001), 12631285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, J. R.; Kim, H.; and Leary, M.. “CEO-Board Dynamics.” Journal of Financial Economics, 137 (2020), 612636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, L., and Masulis, R. W.. “Board Structure and Monitoring: New Evidence from CEO Turnovers.” Review of Financial Studies, 28 (2015), 27702811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayashi, F.Tobin’s Marginal q and Average q: A Neoclassical Interpretation.” Econometrica, 50 (1982), 213224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hermalin, B. E., and Weisbach, M. S.. “Boards of Directors as an Endogenously Determined Institution: A Survey of the Economic Literature.” Economic Policy Review, 9 (2003), 726.Google Scholar
Hirshleifer, D., and Thakor, A. V.. “Managerial Conservatism, Project Choice, and Debt.” Review of Financial Studies, 5 (1992), 437470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, J.; Li, S.; Taboada, A. G.; and Zhang, F.. “Corporate Board Reforms Around the World and Stock Price Crash Risk.” Journal of Corporate Finance, 62 (2020), 101557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubbard, R. G.Capital Market Imperfections and Investment.” Journal of Economic Literature, 36 (1998), 193225.Google Scholar
Jensen, M. C.Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers.” American Economic Review, 76 (1986), 323329.Google Scholar
Kahle, K. M., and Stulz, R. M.. “Is the US Public Corporation in Trouble?Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31 (2017), 6788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lins, K. V.; Strickland, D.; and Zenner, M.. “Do Non-U.S. Firms Issue Equity on U.S. Exchanges to Relax Capital Constraints?Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 40 (2005), 109133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masulis, R. W.A Survey of Recent Evidence on Boards of Directors and CEO Incentives.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 49 (2020), 735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masulis, R. W., and Zhang, E. J.. “How Valuable Are Independent Directors? Evidence from External Distractions.” Journal of Financial Economics, 132 (2019), 226256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCahery, J. A.; Sautner, Z.; and Starks, L. T.. “Behind the Scenes: The Corporate Governance Preferences of Institutional Investors.” Journal of Finance, 71 (2016), 29052932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mclean, R. D.; Zhang, T.; and Zhao, M.. “Why Does the Law Matter? Investor Protection and Its Effects on Investment, Finance, and Growth.” Journal of Finance, 67 (2012), 315350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, B. D., and Nielsen, K. M.. “The Value of Independent Directors: Evidence from Sudden Deaths.” Journal of Financial Economics, 98 (2010), 550567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, R. H., and Taylor, L. A.. “Intangible Capital and the Investment–q Relation.” Journal of Financial Economics, 123 (2017), 251272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, M. A.Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 435480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, M. R., and Whited, T. M.. “Chapter 7 - Endogeneity in Empirical Corporate Finance.” In Handbook of the Economics of Finance, Vol. 2A, Constantinides, G., Harris, M., and Stulz, R., eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier (2013), 493572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, A., and Vishny, R. W.. “Large Shareholders and Corporate Control.” Journal of Political Economy, 94 (1986), 461488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spamann, H.The ‘Antidirector Rights Index’ Revisited.” Review of Financial Studies, 23 (2010), 467486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stulz, R. M.Managerial Discretion and Optimal Financing Policies.” Journal of Financial Economics, 26 (1990), 327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stulz, R. M.Public Versus Private Equity.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 36 (2020), 275290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Driss supplementary material

Driss supplementary material

Download Driss supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 410 KB