Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T08:40:48.935Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Wage Compression and Wage Inequality Between Black and White Males in the United States, 1940–1960

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2009

Thomas N. Maloney
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Fellow in the Program on Race, Urban Poverty, and Social Policy at the Center for the Study of Urban Inequality, University of Chicago, 1313 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637

Abstract

The gap between the mean wages of black men and white men in the United States narrowed substantially between 1940 and 1950. There was, however, almost no change in this wage gap between 1950 and 1960. Some of this discontinuity in the path of black progress can be explained by general changes in the wage structure—wage compression in the 1940s and slight expansion in the 1950s. However, most of the gains of the 1940s were driven by race-specific factors, including increasing relative wages controlling for worker characteristics. These race-specific gains ceased in the 1950s.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bound, John, and Freeman, Richard B., “What Went Wrong? The Erosion of Relative Earnings and Employment Among Young Black Men in the 1980s,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107 (02 1992), pp. 201232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donohue, James H. III, and Heckman, James, “Continuous Versus Episodic Change: The Impact of Civil Rights Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks,” Journal of Economic Literature, 29 (12 1991), pp. 16031643.Google Scholar
Freeman, Richard B., “Changes in the Labor Market for Black Americans, 1948–1972,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1 (1973), pp. 67131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldin, Claudia, and Margo, Robert, “The Great Compression: The Wage Structure in the United States at Mid-Century,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107 (02 1992), pp. 134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Daniel M., and Campbell, Rex R., Black Migration in America: A Social Demographic History (North Carolina, 1981).Google Scholar
Juhn, Chinhui, Murphy, Kevin M., and Pierce, Brooks, “Accounting for the Slowdown in Black-White Wage Convergence,” in Kosters, Marvin H., ed., Workers and Their Wages: Changing Patterns in the United States (Washington, DC, 1991).Google Scholar
Keat, Paul, “Long-Run Changes in Occupational Wage Structure,” Journal of Political Economy, 68 (12 1960), pp. 584600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margo, Robert A., “Race, Educational Attainment, and the 1940 Census,” this Journal, 46 (03 1986), pp. 189198.Google Scholar
Margo, Robert A., Race and Schooling in the South, 1880–1950: An Economic History (Chicago, 1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margo, Robert A., “Explaining Black-White Wage Convergence, 1940–1950: The Role of the Great Compression,” NBER Working Papers Series on Historical Factors in Long-Run Growth #44, 03 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, Ray F., The Negro and Organized Labor (New York, 1965).Google Scholar
Myrdal, Gunnar, An American Dilemma, Volume I: The Negro in a White Nation (New York, 1964).Google Scholar
Ober, Harry, “Occupational Wage Differentials, 1907–1947,” Monthly Labor Review, 67 (08 1948), pp. 127134.Google Scholar
Smith, James P., “Race and Human Capital,” American Economic Review, 74 (09 1984), pp. 685698.Google Scholar
Smith, James P., and Welch, Finis R., “Black Economic Progress After Myrdal,” Journal of Economic Literature, 27 (06 1989), pp. 519564.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, Part 1 (Washington, DC, 1975).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Sixteenth Census of the United States (1940), Population Volume 3: The Labor Force (Washington, DC, 1942).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population: 1950, Special Report P-E #1B—Occupational Characteristics (Washington, DC, 1953).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population: 1960, Subject Reports: Occupational Characteristics, Final Report PC(2)-7A (Washington, DC, 1963).Google Scholar
Weaver, Robert C, Negro Labor: A National Problem (1st edn., 1946; reprinted, New York, 1969).Google Scholar
Williamson, Jeffrey G., and Lindert, Peter H., American Inequality: A Macroeconomic History (New York, 1980).Google Scholar