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The Declining American Maritime Industries: An Unsolved Problem, 1860–1940

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2011

John G. B. Hutchins
John G. B. Hutchins
Affiliation:
Cornell University
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Extract

The phenomenon of change lies at the core of economic and business history. Otherwise, in common with other branches of economics, we would be engaged in the dull task of describing and explaining the static state of the classical and neoclassical theorists. The historical economist deals with the field of dynamic economics on the largest possible scale. Furthermore, unlike the theorists of dynamic economics, he is under obligation to deal with actual situations as they have arisen, and to reach judgments in the light of all-important observable factors. This is a difficult assignment.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Economic History , Volume 6 , supplement S1 , 1946 , pp. 103 - 122
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 1946

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References

1 United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Navigation, Merchant Marine Statistics, 1931, p. 40Google Scholar.

2 Merchant Marine Statistics, 1937, p. 40.

3 Hutchins, John G. B., The American Maritime Industries and Public Policy, 1789-1914 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1941), p. 303Google Scholar.

4 Smith, H. G., “A Definitive Shipping Replacement Program,” United States Naval Institute Proceedings, LXIV, no. 422 (1938), 544Google Scholar.

5 Hutchins, American Maritime Industries, chaps, xii, xiii.

6 Merchant Marine Statistics, 1931, p. 27.

7 The Use and Disposition of Ships and Shipyards at the End of World War II, A Report Prepared for the U. S. Navy Department and the U. S. Maritime Commission by the Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University (Washington, 1945), pp. 71–85Google Scholar.

8 Nimmo, Joseph, Report to the Secretary of the Treasury in Relation to the Foreign Commerce of the United States and the Decadence of American Shipping (1870)Google Scholar, House Exec. Doc. in (41st Cong., 2d Sess.), p. 9.

9 Report of the Select Committee on the Causes of the Reduction of American Tonnage (1870), House Rep. 28,41st Cong., 3d Sess.

10 See the statement of J. S. Williams, of Williams & Guion, shipowners, Ibid., pp. 33-34; also Codman, John, Free Ships (New York, 1881)Google Scholar.

11 Dead-weight tonnage is the lifting capacity in tons of 2,240 lbs. for cargo, fuel, and stores.

12 United States Shipping Board, Sixth Annual Report, 1922, p. 156Google Scholar.

13 United States Shipping Board, Third Annual Report, 1919, p. 58Google Scholar.

14 Harvard Business.School Report, p. 48.

15 Ibid., p. 180.

16 Ibid.,

17 Report of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries on the American Merchant Marine in Foreign Trade (1890), House Rep. 1210, 51st Cong., 1st Sess.

18 , Hutchins, American Maritime Industries, p. 533Google Scholar.

19 26 U. S. Stat. 830-832 (March 3, 1891).

20 Zeiss, Paul M., American Shipping Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1938), p. 39Google Scholar.

21 Report of the Merchant Marine Commission (1905), Sen. Doc. 2755, 58th Cong., 3d Sess., pp. 48-51.

22 Meade, R. W., Rear Admiral, United States Navy, “Professional Experience in Connection with the Naval Construction of the Last Ten Years,” Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, II (1894), 2Google Scholar.

23 Harvard Business School Report, Appendix A. “The Disposal of Merchant Ships by the Government after World War I.” A most valuable study.

24 Ibid., p. 257.