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The Litany of the Saints on Holy Saturday
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2011
Extract
Everybody who knows the ABC of the history of the Roman liturgy has undoubtedly heard of the story about the fourteenth-century dean of Tongres, Ralph van der Beke (de Rivo). His education in matters ecclesiastical had been splendid; his zeal for the reform of the Church was fervent and sincere; he was especially devoted to a revival of the liturgy of his time and the problems which he raised are accepted as being of the greatest importance. But this is not the whole story. Ralph's life does not lack a certain note comigue which is not often heard of. Ralph had his weaknesses: one of them was a whole-hearted aversion to the Friars Minor, who a century before had occasioned a liturgical reform in the Church, the consequences of which he saw every day and simply did not like. Until someone has checked Ralph's personal connections with the friars and the influence which he underwent from those Italians, who, under a show of zeal for the Eternal City, hid their jealousy and selfinterest and disputed everything concerning the papal court at Avignon, it is difficult to decide whether he could not stand the friars because of their Roman liturgy or the Roman liturgy because of the friars. All the same, whatever they did, for Ralph it was always wrong, and the most flattering thing which he could find in his heart was that those friars singularem usum cum regula servant singulari, as though it were a crime to follow the customs of the pope and nothing but praiseworthy to keep to those of the bishop of Liège or Lyons, or even the abbot of Cluny or Montecassino.
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References
page 51 note 1 De canonum observantia, prop. 22; ed. Maxima bibliotheca veterum Patrum, xxvi, Lyons, 1677 313Google Scholar; ed. Mohlberg, C. O.S.B., Radulph de Rivo. Der letzte Vertreter der altrömischen Liturgie. ii. Texte, Münsteri. ii. 1915, 125Google Scholar.
page 52 note 1 See, for instance, van Doren, R. in the Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique, xxv, 1929, 535 ff.Google Scholar, in his review of Le Carou, A. O.F.M., L'Office divin chez les Frkes Mineurs au xiiie siècle, Paris, 1928.Google Scholar
page 52 note 2 Bruxelles, Paris, 1947, 329–43.
page 52 note 3 Franciscan Studies vii, New York 1947, 426 ff. The mysterious compositor's devil played some of his famous tricks in this article. One is that of the evangelist Saint Mark, n. 36 in the litany, found his place after n. 139.
page 52 note 4 See van Dijk, S. A., ‘Historical liturgy and liturgical history’ in Dominican Studies ii, Oxford 1949, 161 ffGoogle Scholar
page 53 note 1 Histoire du bréviaire. Traduction française mise au courant des dcmiers travaux sur la question par Dom Réginald Biron, ii, Paris 1905, 26.Google Scholar
page 53 note 2 Moeller, l.c., 330.
page 54 note 1 Moeller quotes my Il carattere della correzione di fra Aimone da Faversham. The main point of it, viz. that Haymo was not interested in the texts of breviary or missal but only in the arrangement of rubrics, etc., seems to have escaped his attention. This litany cannot be dated by Haymo's work.
page 54 note 2 Moeller, l.c., 337.
page 55 note 1 Moeller, l.c., 332.
page 55 note 2 Andrieu, , ‘Le pontifical romain au Moyen-âge. ii. Le pontifical de la Curie romain au xiiie siècle’, in Sttidi e testi, 87, Rome, 1940, 255Google Scholar.
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page 55 note 4 Cod. Vatican, lat. 1153, fol. 44V; Andrieu, l.c., 138.
page 55 note 5 Cod. Vatican, lat. 4747, fol. 93v; Andrieu, l.c., 164: Cod. Vatican, lat. 1155, fol. 83; Andrieu, l.c., 149.
page 55 note 6 Cod. Lyons, 5132, fol. 86r; Andrieu, l.c., 421.
page 55 note 7 Cod. Vatican, lat. 1156, fol. 172v; Andrieu, l.c., 154.
page 55 note 8 The fact that it was later included in the pontifical of Durandus, Andrieu, iii, 589, is no difficulty. We are concerned here with Rome and the papal court
page 55 note 9 Andrieu, ii, n. x, 339; n. xxii, 420 f.; xxiii, 427; n. xxv, n. 443.
page 55 note 10 Cod. Paris, bibl. nation., lat. 1219; Andrieu, l.c., 86.
page 56 note 1 Andrieu, l.c., 521 f.
page 56 note 2 l.c., 520.
page 56 note 3 l.c., 473, 478, 568, 575.
page 56 note 4 See Andrieu, M., ‘Le missel de la Chapelle papale à la fin du xiiie siècle’ in Miscellanea Francesco Ehrle. Scritti di storia e paleografia ii, in Studi e testi 38, Rome, 1924, 348 ffGoogle Scholar. See my note ‘The calendar in the Breviary of St Francis’ in Franciscan Studies, ix, 1949, 26.Google Scholar
page 56 note 5 Thus it would be quite simple to ‘discover’, for instance, that the so-called brevis of the pontifical is a reduction of the Lenten litany, published in Franciscan Studies, vii, 1947, l.c. The brevis is composed of the following numbers 1, 2, Kyrieleison, 5–15, 18, 19. 21–3, 25, 37–42, 76–9, 86, 87, 89–91, 101, 103, 107, 104, 106, 108, 113–18, (128), 129–39, etc.
page 57 note 1 Andrieu, ii, 518 ff., n. liv.
page 57 note 2 Andrieu, l.c., 138. The figures between brackets are only a supposition; Andrieu does not give these texts in full.
page 58 note 1 Moeller, l.c., 342.
page 58 note 2 In Patrol, lat. 78, 485, note 741; see further p. 59, below.
page 58 note 3 Le pontifical, i, 296 ff., appendix vii. This article ceas set up, when I found another ex. in a 12th-cent. Benedictine breviary of Reims; London, B.M., Add. 18496, fol. 163V.
page 58 note 4 Their feast is not in the Ordo Lateranensis, ed. L. Fischer, 131, n. 26a, nor in the Ordinary of Innocent, F iii, Paris, bibl. nation., lat. 4162A, fol. 57va, nor in the pre-Haymonian breviary of the friars. It is in the kalendar of the Breviary of Saint Francis, Franciscan Studies, ix, 1949, 31, in Haymo's Ordinaries and in the so-called missals of the papal court; see p. 56, note 3.
page 59 note 1 Patrol, lat., l.c.
page 59 note 2 Ordo, i, n. 24; Patrol, lat. 78, 949.
page 60 note 1 Moeller, l.c., 334.
page 60 note 2 Just as the whole arbitrary distinction between long, mixed and short litanies has still to be justified.
page 60 note 3 Les bréviaires, i, Paris, 1934, p. lxxiii.
page 60 note 4 Ordo Lateran.; ed. cit., 62 ff., nn. 146–8; Andrieu, l.c., ii, 473 f., nn. 10, 15; 478, n. 29; see l.c., 568, 570, 575, n. 29. A much earlier testimony is to be found in the Ordo of Saint Amand; ed. L. Duchesne, Origines du culte chrétien, English transl., 5th ed., London, 1919, 469.
page 61 note 1 E. Martène, De antiquis ecclesiae ritibus, lib. iv, cap. 24; ed. Bassano, 1788, iii, 161–3.
page 61 note 2 Andrieu, Le pontifical, i, 248, n. 38.
page 61 note 3 Andrieu, Le pontifical, iii, 589, n. 13; 591, n. 20.
page 61 note 4 Martène, op.c, lib. iv, cap. 24; ed. cit., 166 f.
page 61 note 5 Moeller, op.c, 341 f.; Martène, op.c, lib. i, cap. i, art. 18, Ordo xix; ed. cit. i, 78 f.
page 62 note 1 Martène, l.c., lib. i, cap. 7, art. 4, Ordo vi; ed. cit. i, 308 ff. and l.c., Ordo xv, 322; Ordo, xvii, 328. A short litany in the pontifical of the court: Andrieu, l.c., ii, 495, n. li, another somewhat longer in the twelfth-century pontifical; Andrieu, l.c., i, 270, n. xlixb.
page 62 note 2 See van Dijk, S. A., ‘The Breviary of St Clare’ in Franciscan Studies, viii, 1948, 35 f.Google Scholar, n. 6.
page 62 note 3 Moeller, l.c., 340, places the composition of the Ordo in the years 1153–4, which is an obvious mistake. Bernard calls himself prior of the Lateran church and he became a cardinal priest of San Clemente before 31 Dec. 1145; Fischer, p. xvii. Moeller, however, sees no difficulty in calling Bernard, canon, prior and cardinal at the same time.
page 62 note 4 Ordo Lateran., ed. cit., 73, n. 165.
page 62 note 5 See the Ordines Romani, p. 60, note 4. Bernard uses the term previously, when the pope is present; Fischer, 64, n. 148. A similar case occurs in connection with the litany of Lent. First he mentions penitentiales psalmos et letaniam cum orationibus, l.c., 27, n. 74, and later brevem letaniam cum capitulo et orationibus; l.c., 31, n. 84.
page 62 note 6 The chapters entitled ‘De baptismo canonicorum’ are the result of it; Fischer, l.c., 65 ff., nn. 150 ff.
page 62 note 7 See Bernard's provisions for the feast of Saint John the Baptist; Fischer, l.c., 140, n. 274.
page 62 note 8 Fischer, l.c., 105, n. 210.