Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 February 2009
At the beginning of 1844, the Revd John Flowerdew Colls, Anglican minister of Duke Street Chapel, St James's Park, London, published Utilitarianism unmasked, a vitriolic attack on Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832), the philosopher, jurisprudent, and advocate of reform. ‘The writer's main object’, the advertisement which prefaces the work grandiloquently announces, ‘has been to expose, in all its naked deformity, the hollowness and deceitfulness of the so-much-vaunted principle falsely called the Greatest happiness principle’, which formed the basis of Bentham's philosophical system. But apart from a few desultory remarks on utilitarianism – such as a belaboured attempt to connect it with Robert Owen's socialism (p. 33) – Colls devoted his energies to undermining Bentham's ideas by pouring scorn and ridicule on Bentham himself.
1 See Dinwiddy, J. R., ‘Early-nineteenth-century reactions to Benthamism’, TRHS 5th ser. xxxiv (1984), 49Google Scholar.
2 New Monthly Magazine xx (1824), 68–76Google Scholar.
3 See, for instance, Bentham to J.-B. Say, 19 Oct. 1823, Say Papers, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.
4 Bentham wrote a response to Rose's Critical examination of that part of Mr Bentham's ‘Church of Englandism’ which relates to the church catechism, which he decided on reflection not to send: Bentham MSS, UC ix. 34–5, University College London.
5 For Anglican replies to Not Paul, but Jesus, see Crimmins, James E., Secular utilitarianism: social science and the critique of religion in the thought of Jeremy Bentham, Oxford 1990, 229–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
6 The correspondence of Jeremy Bentham, ix, ed. Conway, Stephen, Oxford 1989, 91, 94, 113, 118Google Scholar.
7 Utilitarianism unmasked, 13–14, 36–7, 53 and n.
8 The Works were first brought out in parts between 1838 and 1843, and then published in an eleven-volume edition in 1843.
9 Empson, William, ‘Jeremy Bentham’, Edinburgh Review lxxviii (1843), 460–516Google Scholar.
10 See, for instance, Edward Romilly to Étienne Dumont, 8 May 1829, Dumont MS 76, fo. 159, Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire, Geneva.
11 Bowring to John Hill Burton, 24 Feb. 1844, Burton Papers, MS 9404, fo. 249, National Library of Scotland.
12 Burdett to Bentham, 7 Feb. 1829, Bentham Papers, BL, Add. MS 33546, fos 261–2.
13 See, for example, Bentham to Sir Samuel Bentham, 15 Aug. 1814, The correspondence of Jeremy Bentham, viii, ed. Conway, Stephen, Oxford 1988, 411Google Scholar.
14 Bentham to Colls, 30 July 1829, Hampton L. Carson Collection, Free Library of Philadelphia.
15 Bentham, to Koe, J. H., 17 08 1816, Correspondence, viii. 543Google Scholar.
16 Place to Elizabeth Place, 17 Aug. 1817, Place Papers, BL, Add. MS 35143, fo. 289.
17 Place to Elizabeth Place, 7 Aug. 1817, ibid. fo. 285.
18 George Bentham MS Autobiography, ii. 457, Library of the Royal Horticultural Society, Kew.
19 See, for example, Bentham to Koe, 7 Jan. 1818, and Bentham, to Rivadavia, Bernardino, 18 08, 12 Oct. 1818, Correspondence, ix. 143, 253, 284Google Scholar.
20 Bentham to Sir Samuel Bentham, 9 Feb. 1820, ibid. 396.
21 Bentham to Place, 2 Aug. 1819, ibid. 342.
22 Colls's journal, 19 July, 2, 7 Aug. 1820, Bentham MSS, UC cvi. 252; 1, 4, 12 June 1821, Bentham Papers, BL, Add. MS 33563, fos 77–8.
23 Bentham, to Say, 28 07 1819, Correspondence, ix. 339Google Scholar.
24 Neal, John, Principles of legislation…with notes and a biographical notice of Jeremy Bentham, Boston 1830, 101Google Scholar.
25 Bentham, to Lane, Thomas, 30 11 1817, Correspondence, ix. 127Google Scholar and note.
26 Colls to Bentham, 21 Jan. 1826, Bentham MSS, UC clxiii. 48–50.
27 Colls to Jabez Henry, 29 Jan. 1829, Henry Papers, BL, Add. MS 30151, fo. 8.
28 ‘Memoir of the Rev. J. F. Coils’, The Church Magazine iii (1841), 353Google Scholar. See also the curious letter from Martha Colls, almost certainly Colls's mother, to Etienne Dumont, 23 Nov. 1823, Dumont MS 33/III, fos 382–5.
29 Neal, , Principles of legislation, 80Google Scholar.
30 See Colls's journal, 23 June, 21 July, 11 Aug. 1820, Bentham MSS, UC cvi. 251–2.
31 For instance, Bentham MSS, UC cxxxix. 6–23; ibid. clxi a. 47.
32 Grote Papers, BL, Add. MSS 29806, fo. 507; 29807, fos 14–17, 141–6, 193–4, 217–19, 292; 29809, fos 3, 258.
33 Ibid. MS 29807, fo. 218.
34 Ibid. fo. 14.
35 Bentham to –––– 1814?, Joseph Jekyll to Bentham, 4 Aug. 1815, Bentham, to Burr, , 23 02 1816, Correspondence, viii. 444, 493, 512Google Scholar.
36 Bentham to Dumont, 22 July 1817, ibid. ix. 21–3.
37 For instance, Bentham to Parr, 23 Feb. 1823, The works of Samuel Parr, ed. Johnston, J., London 1828, viii. 10–12Google Scholar; Parr, to Bentham, , 19 03 1823, Works of Bentham, x. 537–8Google Scholar.
38 See Bentham, to Koe, , c. 6, 29 09 1817, Correspondence, ix. 61, 65Google Scholar.
39 Mill, James to David Ricardo, 19 10 1815, The works and correspondence of David Ricardo, vi, ed. Sraffa, Piero, Cambridge 1952, 310Google Scholar.
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41 Bentham to Carlile, 10 Apr. 1820, ibid. 421.
42 SirRomilly, Samuel considered that Church-of-Englandism was ‘written against the National School Society’: Memoirs of the life of Sir Samuel Romilly, London 1840, iii. 336–7Google Scholar.
43 ‘Memoir of Colls’, 354.
44 Bentham, to Koe, , 16 11 1816, Correspondence, viii. 562–3Google Scholar; Bentham to Thomas Tucker, 31 July 1817, ibid. ix. 29–31. For Colls's lectures to the society see Colls to Bentham, 21 Jan. 1826, Bentham MSS, UC clxiii. 48.
45 The Examiner, 16 Dec. 1821. I am grateful to Professor Fred Rosen for this reference.
46 Bowring to Burton, 24 Feb. 1844, Burton Papers, MS 9404, fo. 249.
47 Colls to Brougham, 13 Mar. 1843, Brougham Papers, University College London.
48 Bowring characteristically remarked to Burton that Colls had ‘canted himself into the good graces of a woman of fortune’: Burton Papers, MS 9404, fo. 249.
49 Ibid.
50 ‘Memoir of Coils’, 355–60.
51 [Gathercole], L. S. E., Letters to a dissenting minister, London [1833], pp. vi, vii nGoogle Scholar.
52 A letter to Charles Lushington, Esquire, London 1835, 3Google Scholar.
53 A letter to the Reverend T. Wickham, Darlington 1836, 7, 11Google Scholar.
54 Gathercole to Peel, 8 Aug. 1842, Peel Papers, BL, Add. MS 40513, fo. 205.
55 Dedicated to the working people of England: an address to the Darlington Operative Conservative Association, London 1837, 4–6, 45–9Google Scholar.
56 A report of the trial, the queen on the prosecution of the Scorton Nunnery versus Gathercole, York [1838]Google Scholar; The Times, 26 Nov. 1838.
57 The Church Magazine i (1839)Google Scholar, preface.
58 Ibid. ii (1840), 168.
59 Ibid. preface.
60 Ibid. i (1839), preface; v (1843), preface.
61 Ibid. ii (1840), preface.
62 The Times, 26 Nov. 1838.
63 Nottingham Journal, 2 Feb. 1844.
64 Church and State Gazette iii (1844), 91 (9 02)Google Scholar.
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